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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-978</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-978</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРЮШНАЯ ПОЛОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ABDOMEN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартизация методики контраст-усиленного ультразвукового исследования почек у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standardization of the method of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борсуков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borsukov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борсуков Алексей Васильевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор</p><p>Смоленск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Borsukov – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Fundamental research laboratory</p><p>Smolensk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bor55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-7713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатенко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбатенко Ольга Александровна – аспирант</p><p>214025 Смоленск, ул. Николаева, д. 34А, кв. 36. Тел.: +7-903-892-41-57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Gorbatenko – postgraduate student</p><p>34А, apt. 36, Nikolaeva str., 214025 SmolenskPhone: +7-903-892-41-57</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.gorbatenkon@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Проблемная научно-исследовательская лаборатория “Диагностические исследования и малоинвазивные технологии” ФГБОУ ВО “Смоленский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fundamental research laboratory “Diagnostic researches and minimally invasive technologies”, Smolensk State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Борсуков А.В., Горбатенко О.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Борсуков А.В., Горбатенко О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borsukov A.V., Gorbatenko O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/978">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/978</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: стандартизация количественной оценки проведения методики контраст-усиленного ультразвукового исследования (КУУЗИ) почек у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. На базе Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории “Диагностические исследования и малоинвазивные технологии” ФГБОУ ВО “Смоленский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России в 2020 г. было обследовано 12 пациентов с СД 2 типа. Возраст обследованных пациентов составил 36–64 года. Средний возраст – 44 ± 1,8 года, из них 7 (58,33%) женщин и 5 (41,67%) мужчин. Все пациенты были исследованы по единому диагностическому алгоритму, который включал в себя 2 этапа. 1-й этап: ультразвуковое исследование почек (Aloka Hitachi Arietta 850 (Hitachi Medical Corporation, Япония) в В-режиме; 2-й этап: КУУЗИ почек. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: 1-ю группу составили пациенты с СД 2 типа (n = 6), которым было проведено КУУЗИ с последующей оценкой паренхимы почек разных участках коркового и мозгового вещества; 2-ю группу – пациенты с СД 2 типа (n = 6), которым было проведено КУУЗИ с последующей стандартизированной оценкой в указанных 5 точках артериального русла и 3 точках венозного русла.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. С учетом сложившейся эпидемиологической ситуации в 2020 г. количество проведенных методов лучевой диагностики, таких как рентгенологическое и компьютерное томографическое исследования органов грудной клетки, значительно увеличило общий фон лучевой нагрузки на основную массу пациентов. С учетом индекса тревожности пациентов проведение ионизирующих методов исследования для диагностики ангионефросклероза нежелательно. Стандартизированная методика количественных параметров КУУЗИ показала хорошую согласованность (0,61–0,76). В свою очередь оценка количественных параметров КУУЗИ почек при использовании рутинной методики показала низкую согласованность (0,21–0,3). Значения критериев согласованности Cohen’s kappa от 0 до 0,2 указывают на отсутствие согласованности между врачами; 0,21–0,4 – слабая согласованность; 0,41–0,6 – умеренная согласованность между врачами; 0,61–0,8 – хорошая согласованность; 0,81–1,0 – полная согласованность.</p><p>Кровеносная система почек отличается наличием развитой капиллярной сети, что подтверждает важность использования стандартизированного подхода в проведении данного исследования для диагностики функции почек. В результате проведения КУУЗИ почек по рутинной методике в 50% (n = 3) случаев выявлена гипоперфузия правой почки и в 50% (n = 3) случаев данные интерпретировались как норма. В результате проведения КУУЗИ почек по предложенной методике в 100% (n = 6) случаев выявлена выраженная гипоперфузия правой почки. В качестве референтного метода была использована динамическая нефросцинтиграфия для определения функциональной работы почек. По результатам динамической нефросцинтиграфии почек во всех случаях в обеих группах пациентов была выявлена гипоперфузия правой почки.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. 1. Cтандартизированная методика оценки количественных параметров при КУУЗИ почек более воспроизводима врачами УЗД, чем рутинная.</p></sec><sec><title>2</title><p>2. Проведение КУУЗИ может быть использовано для оценки гипоперфузии с целью снижения эффективной эквивалентной дозы для пациента.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim of the research</title><p>Aim of the research. Standardization of the quantitative assessment of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. On the basis of the Fundamental research laboratory “Diagnostic researches and minimally invasive technologies”, of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Smolensk State Medical University” of Smolensk State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 12 patients with type 2 diabetes were examined in 2020. The age of the examined patients was 36–64 years old. Average age – 44 ± 1.8 years, of which 7 women (58.33%) and 5 men (41.67%). All patients were examined using a single diagnostic algorithm, which included 2 stages: 1 stage. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys (Aloka Hitachi Arietta 850 (Hitachi Medical Corporation, Japan) in B-mode; stage 2 – contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination (CEUS) of the kidneys. All patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes type (n = 6), who underwent CEUS with subsequent assessment of the renal parenchyma in different areas of the cortex and medulla; group 2 consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 6) who underwent CEUS with subsequent standardized assessment in the indicated 5-th points of the arterial bed and 3 points of the venous bed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussions</title><p>Results and discussions. Taking into account the current epidemiological situation in 2020, the number of performed radiation diagnostic methods, such as X-ray and computer examinations of the chest organs, significantly increased the overall background of radiation exposure on the bulk of patients. Taking into account the anxiety index of patients, ionizing research methods for the diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis are undesirable. The standardized method for quantitative parameters of CEUS showed good agreement (0.61–0.76). In turn, the assessment of the quantitative parameters of renal CEUS when using the routine technique showed low consistency (0.21–0.3). Cohen's kappa (CK) scores of 0 to 0.2 indicate a lack of agreement among clinicians; 0.21–0.4 – weak consistency; 0.41–0.6 – moderate agreement between doctors; 0.61–0.8 – good consistency; 0.81–1.0 – complete consistency.</p><p>The circulatory system of the kidneys is characterized by the presence of a developed capillary network and, accordingly, low peripheral resistance, which confirms the importance of a standardized approach in conducting this study. In the context of the prevailing epidemiological circumstances, we understand that it is necessary to choose a reference research method that would allow us to accurately assess the characteristics of the experimental evaluation of this method. As a result of renal C EUS using a routine technique, hypoperfusion of the right kidney was revealed in 50% (n = 3) cases and the data were interpreted as normal in 50% (n = 3) cases. As a result of the renal CEUS using the proposed method, pronounced hypoperfusion of the right kidney was revealed in 100% (n = 6) cases. Dynamic nephroscintigraphy was used as a reference method to determine the functional work of the kidneys. According to the results of dynamic nephroscintigraphy of the kidneys, hypoperfusion of the right kidney was revealed in all cases in both groups of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. 1. The standardized method for assessing the quantitative parameters of the kidney CEUS is more reproducible by the ultrasound doctors than the routine one. 2. Enhanced ultrasound can be used to assess the efficacy of hypoperfusion with the maximum efficacy of an equivalent dose per patient.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>контраст-усиленное ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>ангионефросклероз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contrast-enhanced ultrasound</kwd><kwd>angionephrosclerosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation, 2019. URL: https://www.idf.org/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Diabetes Federation, 2019. URL: https://www.idf.org/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. 9-й выпуск (дополненный). 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