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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-2020-3-63-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-951</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРЮШНАЯ ПОЛОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ABDOMEN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультразвуковая дифференциальная диагностика кист и кистозных опухолей селезенки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-5160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Юлия Александровна – доктор мед. наук, Ученый секретарь</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Stepanova – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Academic Secretary</p><p>27, Bol'shaya Serpukhovskaia str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stepanovaua@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2901-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимурзаева</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimurzaeva</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алимурзаева Максалина Закарьяевна – аспирант отделения рентгенологии и магнитно-резонансных исследований с кабинетом УЗ-диагностики</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksalina Z. Alimurzaeva – graduate student of Radiology department</p><p>27, Bol'shaya Serpukhovskaia str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионкин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionkin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ионкин Дмитрий Анатольевич – канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения абдоминальной хирургии</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Ionkin – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), a senior researcher of abdominal surgery department</p><p>27, Bol'shaya Serpukhovskaia str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанова Ю.А., Алимурзаева М.З., Ионкин Д.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанова Ю.А., Алимурзаева М.З., Ионкин Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanova Y.A., Alimurzaeva M.Z., Ionkin D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/951">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/951</self-uri><abstract><p>Частота встречаемости очаговых образований селезенки составляет 3,2–4,2% на 100 000 населения. Кисты селезенки встречаются редко (частота 0,75 на 100 000). Это одиночные или множественные, тонко- и гладкостенные полости, заполненные прозрачной жидкостью. Различают первичные (или истинные) кисты, выстланные эпителием, и вторичные (или ложные), лишенные эпителиальной выстилки. Среди первичных кист выделяют врожденные, образующиеся в эмбриональном периоде вследствие миграции перитонеальных клеток в ткань селезенки, дермоидные и эпидермоидные кисты. Особую группу первичных кист составляют паразитарные кисты. К кистозным опухолям селезенки относят лимфангиому и лимфому.</p><p>Основные трудности в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике кист и кистозных опухолей селезенки связаны с редкостью данной патологии и, как следствие, небольшим числом работ, включающих значимое число наблюдений. Однако и в тех работах, где описано большое число наблюдений, чаще всего это одна морфологическая форма и разбор различных ее характеристик.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: на основании анализа собственных данных обследования значительного числа пациентов с кистами и кистозными опухолями селезенки оценить возможность дифференциальной диагностики отдельных морфологических форм по данным ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В НМИЦ хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского за период с 1980 по 2020 г. было пролечено 323 больных с кистами и кистозными опухолями селезенки в возрасте от 15 до 77 лет (мужчин – 105 (32,5%); женщин – 218 (67,5%)). Всем пациентам при обследовании выполняли УЗИ. Большей части пациентов было проведено оперативное лечение различными способами (85,1%), при постановке дооперационного диагноза неосложненной кисты селезенки незначительных размерах проводили динамическое наблюдение (верификация по данным пункционной биопсии).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Морфологическая верификация кист и кистозных опухолей селезенки была представлена следующим образом (с учетом возможных сложностей в выявлении эпителиальной выстилки): истинная киста – 182 (56,4%); дермоидная киста – 3 (0,9%) (малигнизированная – в 1 случае); псевдокиста – 16 (5,0%); панкреатогенная – 34 (10,5%); эхинококк – 52 (16,1%); лимфангиома – 24 (7,4%); лимфома – 10 (3,1%); метастаз рака яичника – 2 (0,6%). В статье описаны ультразвуковые признаки представленных выше форм образований с акцентом на сложности диагностики.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Первичные и паразитарные кисты селезенки хорошо дифференцируются по данным УЗИ; ложные кисты селезенки в зависимости от причины их возникновения могут создавать трудности при их выявлении и дифференциации (они требуют тщательного динамического контроля); кистозные опухоли селезенки следует дифференцировать со злокачественными образованиями и метастазами кистозного строения, вследствие чего при их выявлении всегда должна быть подобная настороженность.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.</p><p>The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селезенка</kwd><kwd>киста</kwd><kwd>истинная</kwd><kwd>ложная</kwd><kwd>эпидермоидная</kwd><kwd>паразитарная</kwd><kwd>кистозная лимфангиома</kwd><kwd>лимфома</kwd><kwd>кистозный метастаз</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spleen</kwd><kwd>cyst</kwd><kwd>true</kwd><kwd>false</kwd><kwd>epidermoid</kwd><kwd>parasitic</kwd><kwd>cystic lymphangioma</kwd><kwd>lymphoma</kwd><kwd>cystic metastasis</kwd><kwd>ultrasound diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borner N., Blank W., Bonhof J., Frank K. 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