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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-94</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРЮШНАЯ ПОЛОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ABDOMEN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Газ портальной системы у младенцев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hepatic Portal Venous Gas in the Babies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольхова</surname><given-names>Елена Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olkhova</surname><given-names>Elena Borisovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">elena-olchova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО “Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова” Министерства здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ольхова Е.Б., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ольхова Е.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Olkhova E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/94">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/94</self-uri><abstract><p>Газ портальной системы (ГПС) - редкий эхографический феномен, ранее считавшийся маркером мезентериальной/интестинальной ишемии и/или некроза и сопровождавшийся высокой летальностью (до 75-90%). Впервые феномен ГПС был описан в 1955 г у младенца с язвенно-некротическим энтероколитом, и до 80-х годов прошлого столетия диагностика ГПС была основана на данных рентгенографии. С внедрением абдоминального КТ и УЗИ феномен ГПС стали выявлять намного чаще и при более разнообразных заболеваниях, и в XXI веке летальность при нем составляет менее 40%. Цель исследования: определить варианты эхографического представительства феномена ГПС и их диагностическую ценность. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты лечения 33 детей с эхографически обнаруженным феноменом ГПС с 2005 по 2014 г Результаты. Выявлены 2 варианта эхографического представительства ГПС в зависимости от его генерации. При транспортальном поступлении газа после выполнения манипуляций на сосудах пуповины (5/32, все дети 1-4 сут) газ обнаруживался только в системе левой ветви портальной вены, в 1 случае у ребенка имелась тяжелая сердечная недостаточность, связанная предположительно с газовой эмболией легочной артерии. В остальных случаях (27/32, 24 новорожденных и дети 7 мес с энтероколитом, 9 мес с заворотом средней кишки и 24 мес с кишечной инфекцией) имело место транспортальное поступление газа. Пузырьки газа определялись во всех отделах печеночной паренхимы и в просвете портальной вены. У 11 из 24 новорожденных феномен ГПС был зафиксирован на фоне энтероколита, у 3 детей - на фоне кишечной непроходимости и у 10 детей ГПС был зафиксирован на фоне ухудшения состояния пациентов без четкой клинической картины. В этих случаях эхографическое обнаружение ГПС условно расценивалось как риск развития септического шока. У 1 ребенка 7 мес с циррозом печени и реканализацией пупочной вены ГПС осложнился портосистемным сбросом газа в нижнюю полую вену и эмболией правых отделов сердца. В статье приведены эхограммы различных вариантов визуализации феномена ГПС, длительность существования которого только в 1 случае составила 1 сут, в остальных исчислялась часами. Подчеркивается необходимость дифференцировать ГПС от газа в печеночных венах. Представлен обзор литературы по обсуждаемой теме. Выводы. Эхографическое представительство феномена ГПС различно в зависимости от его генеза. ГПС транспортального генеза может быть расценен как предиктор энтероколита и/или септического состояния. ГПС трансумбиликального генеза у новорожденных может сопровождаться газовой эмболией легких.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hepatic portalvenous gas (HPVG) - rare ultrasound phenomenon, previously frequently associated with acute mesenteric ischemia and/or necrosis, and accompanied by high mortality (up to 75-90%). HPVG phenomenon was described in 1955 the baby with necrotic enterocolitis, and early studies of HPVG were based on plain abdominal radiography. Modern abdominal CT and ultrasound examination USE has resulted in the detection of HPVG in more benign conditions, and in more diverse diseases and in twenty-first century mortality when it is less than 40%. Purpose: to evaluate differents variants sonographic patterns of the HPVG-phenomenon and their diganostics value. Materials and methods. A total of 33 babies with HPVG, who visited our hospital between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed. Results. Identified 2 sonographic patterns HPVG depending on its generation. When transportal pattern the gas flow after performing manipulations on the vessels of the umbilical cord (5/33, all children 1-4 days), gas was detected only in the left branches of the portal vein, in 1 case the child had severe heart failure associated, presumably, with gas embolism of the pulmonary artery. In other cases (28/33, 25 newborns and 3 babies (7 months with enterocolitis, 9 months with midgut volvulus and 24 months with intestinal infection) occurred transportal the gas flow. The gas bubbles were detected in all parts of the liver parenchyma and in the lumen of the portal vein. In the 25 newborns 12 cases, the HPVG was observed on the background of necrotizing enterocolitis, 3 newborn - intestinal obstruction and in 10 cases of HPVG was observed on the background of deterioration in patients without a clear clinical picture. In these cases, the sonographic detection of HPVG conventionally been regarded as the risk of developing septic shock. In 1 case the child 7 months with liver cirrhosis and recanalization of the umbilical vein HPVG was complicated portosystemic gas shunting into the inferior vena cava and right heart embolism. In the article showing the various patterns of visualization HPVG. The duration of HPVG existence which only 1 case was 1 day, the remaining estimated hours. It is urgent need to differentiate HPVG from gas in the hepatic veins. Literature of this rare condition is reviewed briefly Conclusion. Sonographic representation of the HPVG depending on its origin. The transportal HPVG can be interpreted as a predictor of enterocolitis and/or sepsis. The transumbilical HPVG in newborns may be accompanied by gas embolism of the lungs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>газ портальной системы</kwd><kwd>младенцы</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>hepatic portal venous gas</kwd><kwd>babies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El H.M., Couvreur T., Meunier P. Clinical case of the month. Portal venous gas due to a hydrogen peroxide colic enema. Rev. Med. 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