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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-927</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-927</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРЮШНАЯ ПОЛОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ABDOMEN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комбинированная гибридная радионуклидная визуализация метастатической нейроэндокринной опухоли желудочно-кишечного тракта без выявленного первичного очага с использованием ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ и ОФЭКТ/КТ с 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC (клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dual tracer hybrid radionuclide imaging of a metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor with unknown primary site using 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT (case report and literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontyev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонтьев Алексей Викторович, канд. мед. наук, заведующий отделением радионуклидной диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Leontyev, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Nuclear Medicine Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksleont@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-4338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубцова Наталья Алефтиновна, доктор мед. наук, руководитель отдела лучевой диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Rubtsova, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Head of Radiology Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rna17@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-4202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимон</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimon</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халимон Александр Игоревич, врач рентгенолог отделения КТ и МРТ</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Khalimon, radiologist of CT and MRI Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markyhaws@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-2991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антоневская</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonevskaya</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антоневская Тамара Леонтьевна, клинический ординатор кафедры онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической хирургии лечебного факультета ФГАОУ ВО Первого МГМУ имени И. М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет) на базе отделения радионуклидной диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara L. Antonevskaya, Resident of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dtamara.doc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-1782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулиев</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuliev</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулиев Магомед Темирланович, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed T. Kuliev, nuclear medicine physician of Nuclear Medicine Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kul502@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-4213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левшакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levshakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левшакова Антонина Валерьевна, доктор мед. наук, заведующая отделением КТ и МРТ</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina V. Levshakova, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Head of CT &amp; MRI Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levshakova71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-620X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пылова Ирина Валентиновна, канд. мед. наук, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Pylova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), nuclear medicine physician of Nuclear Medicine Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinapylova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазутина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazutina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазутина Татьяна Николаевна, канд. мед. наук, врач-радиолог отделения радионуклидной диагностики</p><p>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Lazutina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), nuclear medicine physician of Nuclear Medicine Department</p><p>3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.n.lazutina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич, академик РАН, член-корр. РАО, доктор мед. наук, профессор, главный уролог РАН, заслуженный врач РФ, генеральный директор ФГБУ “НМИЦ радиологии” Минздрава России (125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 3), заведующий кафедрой урологии и оперативной нефрологии с курсом онкоурологии медицинского факультета медицинского института ФГАОУ ВО “Российский университет дружбы народов”</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey D. Kaprin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding member of Russian Academy of Education, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Chief urologist of the Russian Academy of Sciences, General Director of “National Medical Radiological Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (3, 2nd Botlinsky proezd, Moscow, 125284), Head of Department of urology and surgical nephrology with a course of oncourology at the medical faculty of medical institute of The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaprin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНИОИ имени П. А. Герцена, филиал ФГБУ “НМИЦ радиологии” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. Hertsen Moscow oncology research institute, Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонтьев А.В., Рубцова Н.А., Халимон А.И., Антоневская Т.Л., Кулиев М.Т., Левшакова А.В., Пылова И.В., Лазутина Т.Н., Каприн А.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонтьев А.В., Рубцова Н.А., Халимон А.И., Антоневская Т.Л., Кулиев М.Т., Левшакова А.В., Пылова И.В., Лазутина Т.Н., Каприн А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leontyev A.V., Rubtsova N.A., Khalimon A.I., Antonevskaya T.L., Kuliev M.T., Levshakova A.V., Pylova I.V., Lazutina T.N., Kaprin A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/927">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/927</self-uri><abstract><p>Нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) представляют собой гетерогенную группу новообразований различных локализаций, происходящих из клеток APUD-системы и обладающих биологически активными свойствами. Несмотря на то что результаты морфологического и иммуногистохимического исследования имеют высокую прогностическую ценность при НЭО желудочно-кишечного тракта, ограничения данных методов могут привести к неточностям в определении степени злокачественности и прогноза опухолевого процесса, а также в выборе тактики лечения. Это в том числе может быть обусловлено присутствием клеток с различной степенью дифференцировки и пролиферативной активности как в пределах одного очага поражения, так и всего опухолевого процесса.</p><p>Такие свойства НЭО, как гиперэкспрессия соматостатиновых рецепторов на поверхностных мембранах клеток и повышенный уровень гликолиза, служат основой для их радионуклидной визуализации и терапии.</p><p>Совместное применение таких гибридных методик радионуклидной диагностики, как ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ и ПЭТ/КТ или ОФЭКТ/КТ с радиомечеными лигандами к соматостатиновым рецепторам, позволяет косвенно оценить клеточную гетерогенность во всем объеме опухолевого процесса, что дает возможность минимизировать вышеуказанные неточности диагностики.</p><p>Нами представлено наблюдение пациента с метастатической НЭО без выявленного первичного очага, которому в рамках первичного стадирования были выполнены ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ и ОФЭКТ/КТ с 99mTc-HYNICTOC. В обсуждение вынесены аспекты применения радионуклидной визуализации с двумя радиофармпрепаратами у пациентов с НЭО.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NEТ) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms of various locations originating from the APUD system cells with biologically active properties. Although immunohistochemical assay for Ki-67 has been proved to have prognostic significance in GEP-NENs, pitfalls may lead to misjudgment of the tumor grades, prognosis and during treatment planning due to the presence of cells with varying degrees of differentiation and proliferative activity within a single lesion, as well as the entire neoplastic process. These features can affect the results of imaging and therapy planning.</p><p>An increase in the number of somatostatin receptors on the surface of membrane cells, as well as an increase in glycolysis may occur in NETs. These phenomena play role when choosing imaging methods, as well as in treatment planning.</p><p>Combined dual-tracer imaging, specifically PET/CT or SPECT/CT using labeled somatostatin analogues can be used in intermediate assessment of cellular heterogeneity in the entire neoplastic process in NENs and help to minimize diagnostic pitfalls listed above.</p><p>We present an observation of a patient with metastatic GEP-NEN of unknown primary in which 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT were performed for initial staging. In the framework of this, aspects of use of dual-tracer radionuclide imaging in patients with NENs are widely discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроэндокринная опухоль</kwd><kwd>НЭО</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd><kwd>соматостатиновые рецепторы</kwd><kwd>ОФЭКТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>ФДГ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroendocrine tumor</kwd><kwd>NET</kwd><kwd>Ki-67</kwd><kwd>SPECT/CT</kwd><kwd>PET/CT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choe J., Kim K.W., Kim H.J., Kim D.W., Kim K.P., Hong S.M., Ryu J.S., Tirumani S.H., Krajewski K., Ramaiya N. What Is New in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification and 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms? Korean J. 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