<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-2018-6-105-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-699</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕТСКАЯ РЕНТГЕНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии при острой травме шейного отдела позвоночника у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute trauma of the cervical spine in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнеев Илья Александрович – врач-рентгенолог отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Korneyev – radiologist, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахадов</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhadov</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахадов Толибджон Абдуллаевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, руководитель отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tolibdzhon A. Akhadov – doct. od med. sci., Professor, Head of radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mel'nikov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельников Илья Андреевич – канд. мед. наук, врач-рентгенолог отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Melnikov – cand. of med. sci., radiologist, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исхаков</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskhakov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исхаков Олимджон Садыкович – доктор мед. наук, заведующий отделением нейрохирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olimdzhon S. Iskhakov – doct. od med. sci., Head of Neurosurgery Department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Наталия Александровна – доктор биол. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Semenova – doct. of biol. sci., Chief Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитренко</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrenko</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитренко Дмитрий Михайлович – врач-рентгенолог отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry M. Dmitrenko – radiologist, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манжурцев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manzhurtsev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Манжурцев Андрей Валерьевич – научный сотрудник отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Manzhurtsev – researcher, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахлебинина</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhlebinina</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахлебинина Мария Игоревна – врач-рентгенолог отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Akhlebinina – radiologist, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньщиков</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshchikov</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меньщиков Петр Евгеньевич – научный сотрудник отдела лучевых методов диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr E. Menshikov – researcher, radiology department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ублинский</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ublinskiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ублинский Максим Вадимович – канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник отдела лучевых методов диагностики </p><p>119180 Москва, ул. Большая Полянка, д. 22. Тел.:+7-929-620-21-77</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Ublinsky – сand. of biol. sci., researcher, radiology department</p><p>119180 Moscow, Bolshaya Polyanka, 22. Phone: +7-929-620-21-77</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxublinsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнеев И.А., Ахадов Т.А., Мельников И.А., Исхаков О.С., Семенова Н.А., Дмитренко Д.М., Манжурцев А.В., Ахлебинина М.И., Меньщиков П.Е., Ублинский М.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнеев И.А., Ахадов Т.А., Мельников И.А., Исхаков О.С., Семенова Н.А., Дмитренко Д.М., Манжурцев А.В., Ахлебинина М.И., Меньщиков П.Е., Ублинский М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneev I.A., Akhadov T.A., Mel'nikov I.A., Iskhakov O.S., Semenova N.A., Dmitrenko D.M., Manzhurtsev A.V., Akhlebinina M.I., Menshchikov P.E., Ublinskiy M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/699">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/699</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить роль магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в качестве метода диагностики у детей с травмой шейного отдела позвоночника и спинного мозга, сравнить соответствие результатов МРТ с неврологическими симптомами и шкалой ASIA.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследовано 156 детей с острой травмой позвоночника и спинного мозга в возрасте от 6 мес до 18 лет. МРТ проводилась на томографе Phillips Achieva 3 Тл. Стандартный протокол исследования включал: миелографию (MYUR) в коронарной и сагиттальной проекциях, STIR и Т2ВИ FS SE в сагиттальной проекции, Т2ВИ SE или Т2ВИ FSGE (аксиальная проекция), 3D Т1ВИ FSGE до и после контрастного усиления. Контрастное вещество вводилось внутривенно в виде болюса из расчета 0,1 ммоль/кг (эквивалентно 0,1 мл/кг) со скоростью 3–4 мл.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Причинами тупой травмы шейного отдела позвоночника явились: дорожно-транспортные происшествия (55), кататравма (60), травма “ныряльщика” (21), тупая травма (20). Были выявлены интрамедуллярные повреждения спинного мозга: сотрясение (49), ушиб/размозжение (27), гематомиелия (34), разрыв с расхождением отрезков (21), сопровождавшиеся отеком (141); экстрамедуллярные повреждения: эпии субдуральные, внутри- и подсвязочные и гематомы мягких тканей (68), разрывы связок (48), переломы (108), вывих и подвывих позвонков (35), травматические грыжи диска (37), компрессия спинного мозга и/или корешков (63), нарушение статики (134), нестабильность (156).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. МРТ – оптимальный метод диагностики позвоночно-спинномозговой травмы. В острый период травмы она имеет ограниченное применение, но однако может служить методом первичной диагностики у этих больных. МРТ желательно выполнять не позднее первых 72 ч после травмы. Наиболее оптимальными для визуализации травмы шейного отдела позвоночника и спинного мозга являются Т2ВИ SE и STIR в сагиттальной проекции с подавлением сигнала от жира. Результаты МРТ на момент выполнения коррелируют с неврологической симптоматикой в соответствии со шкалой ASIA, а поэтому МРТ следует проводить у всех пациентов с острой травмой шейного отдела позвоночника, когда это возможно.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic method in children with acute trauma of the cervical spine and spinal cord, to compare the correspondence of MRI results with neurologic symptoms in accordance with the ASIA scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 156 children with acute trauma of spine and spinal cord at the age from 6 months up to 18 years were studied. MRI was performed on a Phillips Achieva 3T scanner. The standard protocol included MYUR (myelography) in coronal and sagittal projections, STIR and T2VI FS SE in sagittal projection, T2VI SE or T2 * VI FSGE (axial projection), 3D T1VI FSGE before and after contrast enhancement. Contrast substance was injected intravenously in the form of a bolus at the rate of 0.1 mmol/kg (equivalent to 0.1 ml/kg) at a rate of 3 to 4 ml.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The causes of cervical spine blunt trauma were: road accidents (55), catatrauma (60), “diver” trauma (21), blunt trauma (20). Intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord were detected: concussion (49), bruising / crushing (27), hematomia (34), disruption with divergence of segments (21), accompanied by edema (141); extramedullary lesions: epi- and subdural, intralesive and sub-connective and soft tissues hematomas (68), ruptures of bundles (48), fractures (108), dislocation and subluxation of the vertebrae (35), traumatic disc herniation (37), spinal cord compression and/or rootlets (63), statics violation (134), instability (156).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. MRI is the optimal method for spinal cord injury diagnostics. In the acute period of injury this technique has limited application, but it can however serve as a primary diagnostic method in these patients. MRI should be performed no later than the first 72 hours after injury. The most optimal for visualization of cervical spine trauma and spinal cord are T2VI SE and STIR in sagittal projection with suppression of signal from fat. MRI results correlate with neurologic symptoms at the time of performance according to the ASIA scale, and therefore MRI should be performed in all patients with acute cervical spine trauma, whenever possible.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>шейный отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>спинной мозг</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>cervical spine</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>trauma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крылов В.В., Галанкина И.Е., Поздняков А.В., Гринь А.А., Попов С.В. Причины летальных исходов и ошибки диагностики при повреждении позвоночника и спинного мозга у больных с сочетанной травмой. Нейрохирургия. 2003; 3: 17–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krylov V.V., Galankina I.E., Pozdnyakov A.V., Grin A.V., Popov A.A. Causes of deaths and diagnostic errors in spine and spinal cord injury in patients with concomitant injury. Neurohirurgiya. 2003; 3: 17–21. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахадов Т.А., Панов В.О., Айххофф У. Травма спинного мозга и позвоночника и ее последствия. Монография. Акад. наук России. М., 2000: 586–633.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhadov T.A., Panov V.O., Ayhhoff U. Spine and spinal cord injury and its consequences. Monograph. Acad. Russian Science. M., 2000: 586–633. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахадов Т.А., Рушанов И.И., Панова М.М. Магнитнорезонансная томография в диагностике заболеваний позвоночника и спинно¬го мозга. Часть 2. Семиотика заболеваний. Новости науки и техники. 1997; 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhadov T.A., Rushanov I.I., Panova M.M. Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of diseases of spine and spinal cord. Part 2. Diseases semiotics. Novosti nauki i tehniki. 1997; 2. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахадов Т.А., Саруханян О.О., Кешишян Р.А. Магнитнорезонансная томография спинальной травмы у детей. М.: Коммерческие технологии, 2012: 123–135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhadov T.A., Sarukhanyan O.O., Keshishyan R.A. Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal injury in children. M.: Kommercheskie tehnologii, 2012: 123–135. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagley L.J. Imaging of spinal trauma. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 2006; 44 (1): 1–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagley L.J. Imaging of spinal trauma. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 2006; 44 (1): 1–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flanders А. Spine Cervical injury. Radiology Assistant. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flanders А. Spine Cervical injury. Radiology Assistant. 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrop J.S., Jeyamohan S., Sharan A., Ratliff J., Flanders A., Maltenfort M., Falowski S., Vaccaro A. Acute Cervical Fracture or Congenital Spinal Deformity. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 2008; 31: 83–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrop J.S., Jeyamohan S., Sharan A., Ratliff J., Flanders A., Maltenfort M., Falowski S., Vaccaro A. Acute Cervical Fracture or Congenital Spinal Deformity. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 2008; 31: 83–87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadley M.N., Walters B.C., Grabb P.A., Oyesiku N.M., Przybylski G.J., Resnick D.K., Ryken T.C. Radiographic assessment of the cervical spine in symptomatic trauma patients. Neurosurgery. 2002; 50 (3): 30–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadley M.N., Walters B.C., Grabb P.A., Oyesiku N.M., Przybylski G.J., Resnick D.K., Ryken T.C. Radiographic assessment of the cervical spine in symptomatic trauma patients. Neurosurgery. 2002; 50 (3): 30–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadley M.N., Walters B.C., Grabb P.A., Oyesiku N.M., Przybylski G.J., Resnick D.K., Ryken T.C. Radiographic assessment of the cervical spine in symptomatic trauma patients. Neurosurgery. 2002; 50 (3): 36–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadley M.N., Walters B.C., Grabb P.A., Oyesiku N.M., Przybylski G.J., Resnick D.K., Ryken T.C. Radiographic assessment of the cervical spine in symptomatic trauma patients. Neurosurgery. 2002; 50 (3): 36–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chakeres D.W., Flickinger F., Bresnahan J.C., Beattie M.S., Weiss K.L., Miller C., Stokes B.T. MR imaging of acute spinal cord trauma. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1987; 8 (1): 5–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chakeres D.W., Flickinger F., Bresnahan J.C., Beattie M.S., Weiss K.L., Miller C., Stokes B.T. MR imaging of acute spinal cord trauma. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1987; 8 (1): 5–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colombo N., Maccagnano C., Corona C., Beltramello A., Scialfa G. Cervical Spine Trauma: A Guide to Neuroradiological Diagnosis. Rivista di Neuroradiol. 1997; 10 (1): 63–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colombo N., Maccagnano C., Corona C., Beltramello A., Scialfa G. Cervical Spine Trauma: A Guide to Neuroradiological Diagnosis. Rivista di Neuroradiol. 1997; 10 (1): 63–103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Pérez R., Paredes I., Cepeda S., Ramos A., Castaño-León A.M., García-Fuentes C., Lobato R.D., Gómez P.A., Lagares A. Spinal cord injury after blunt cervical spine trauma: correlation of soft-tissue damage and extension of lesion. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2014. 35 (5): 1029–1034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3812.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Pérez R., Paredes I., Cepeda S., Ramos A., Castaño-León A.M., García-Fuentes C., Lobato R.D., Gómez P.A., Lagares A. Spinal cord injury after blunt cervical spine trauma: correlation of soft-tissue damage and extension of lesion. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2014. 35 (5): 1029–1034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3812.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar Y., Hayashi D. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal trauma: a pictorial review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1169-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar Y., Hayashi D. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute spinal trauma: a pictorial review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1169-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dundamadappa S.K., Cauley K.A. MR imaging of acute cervical spinal ligamentous and soft tissue trauma. Emerg. Radiol. 2016. 19 (4): 277–286. DOI: 10.1007/s10140-012-1033-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dundamadappa S.K., Cauley K.A. MR imaging of acute cervical spinal ligamentous and soft tissue trauma. Emerg. Radiol. 2016. 19 (4): 277–286. DOI: 10.1007/s10140-012-1033-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miranda P., Gomez P., Alday R. Acute traumatic central cord syndrome: analysis of clinical and radiological correlations. J. Neurosurg. Sci. 2008; 52: 107–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miranda P., Gomez P., Alday R. Acute traumatic central cord syndrome: analysis of clinical and radiological correlations. J. Neurosurg. Sci. 2008; 52: 107–112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawakyu-O'Connor D., Bordia R., Nicola R. Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal emergencies. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. 2016. 24: 325–344. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawakyu-O'Connor D., Bordia R., Nicola R. Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal emergencies. Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am. 2016. 24: 325–344. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyanji F., Furlan J.C., Aarabi B., Arnold P.M., Fehlings M.G. Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome: prospective study with 100 consecutive patients. Radiology. 2007; 243: 820–827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyanji F., Furlan J.C., Aarabi B., Arnold P.M., Fehlings M.G. Acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury: MR imaging findings correlated with neurologic outcome: prospective study with 100 consecutive patients. Radiology. 2007; 243: 820–827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leypold B.G., Flanders A.E., Burns A.S. The early evolution of spinal cord lesions on MR imaging following traumatic spinal cord injury. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008; 29: 1012–1016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leypold B.G., Flanders A.E., Burns A.S. The early evolution of spinal cord lesions on MR imaging following traumatic spinal cord injury. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008; 29: 1012–1016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goradia D., Linnau K.F., Cohen W.A., Mirza S., Hallam D.K., Blackmore C.C. Correlation of MR imaging findings with intraoperative findings after cervical spine trauma. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2007; 28: 209–215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goradia D., Linnau K.F., Cohen W.A., Mirza S., Hallam D.K., Blackmore C.C. Correlation of MR imaging findings with intraoperative findings after cervical spine trauma. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2007; 28: 209–215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozzo A., Marcoux J., Radhakrishna M., Pelletier J., Goulet B. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma. 2011; 28: 1401–1411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozzo A., Marcoux J., Radhakrishna M., Pelletier J., Goulet B. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of acute spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma. 2011; 28: 1401–1411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizones J., Izquierdo E., Sánchez-Mariscal F., Zúñiga L., Álvarez P., Gómez-Rice A. Sequential damage assessment of the different components of the posterior ligamentous complex after magnetic resonance imaging interpretation: prospective study 74 traumatic fractures. Spine. 2012; 37: E662–667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizones J., Izquierdo E., Sánchez-Mariscal F., Zúñiga L., Álvarez P., Gómez-Rice A. Sequential damage assessment of the different components of the posterior ligamentous complex after magnetic resonance imaging interpretation: prospective study 74 traumatic fractures. Spine. 2012; 37: E662–667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talbott J.F., Whetstone W.D., Readdy W.J., Ferguson A.R., Bresnahan J.C., Saigal R., Hawryluk G.W., Beattie M.S., Mabray M.C., Pan J.Z., Manley G.T., Dhall S.S. The Brain and Spinal Injury Center score: a novel, simple, and reproducible method for assessing the severity of acute cervical spinal cord injury with axial T2-weighted MRI findings. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2015; 23: 495–504. DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.SPINE141033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talbott J.F., Whetstone W.D., Readdy W.J., Ferguson A.R., Bresnahan J.C., Saigal R., Hawryluk G.W., Beattie M.S., Mabray M.C., Pan J.Z., Manley G.T., Dhall S.S. The Brain and Spinal Injury Center score: a novel, simple, and reproducible method for assessing the severity of acute cervical spinal cord injury with axial T2-weighted MRI findings. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2015; 23: 495–504. DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.SPINE141033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dare A.O., Dias M.S., Li V. Magnetic resonance imaging correlation in pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality. J. Neurosurg. 2002; 97: 33–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dare A.O., Dias M.S., Li V. Magnetic resonance imaging correlation in pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality. J. Neurosurg. 2002; 97: 33–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrino J.A., Manton G.L., Morrison W.B., Vaccaro A.R., Schweitzer M.E., Flanders A.E. Posterior longitudinal ligament status in cervical spine bilateral facet dislocations. Skeletal Radiol. 2006; 35: 510–514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrino J.A., Manton G.L., Morrison W.B., Vaccaro A.R., Schweitzer M.E., Flanders A.E. Posterior longitudinal ligament status in cervical spine bilateral facet dislocations. Skeletal Radiol. 2006; 35: 510–514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J.S., Huan Y. Multishot diffusion-weighted MR imaging features in acute trauma of spinal cord. Eur. Radiol. 2014; 24: 685–692. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3051-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J.S., Huan Y. Multishot diffusion-weighted MR imaging features in acute trauma of spinal cord. Eur. Radiol. 2014; 24: 685–692. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3051-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulkarni M.V., McArdle C.B., Kopanicky D., Miner M., Cotler H.B., Lee K.F., Harris J.H. Acute spinal cord injury: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 1987; 164 (3): 837–843. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.164.3.3615885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulkarni M.V., McArdle C.B., Kopanicky D., Miner M., Cotler H.B., Lee K.F., Harris J.H. Acute spinal cord injury: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 1987; 164 (3): 837–843. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.164.3.3615885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreoli C., Colaiacomo M.C., Rojas Beccaglia M., Di Biasi C., Casciani E., Gualdi G. MRI in the acute phase of spinal cord traumatic lesions: relationship between MRI findings and neurological outcome. Radiol. Med. 2005; 110: 636–645.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreoli C., Colaiacomo M.C., Rojas Beccaglia M., Di Biasi C., Casciani E., Gualdi G. MRI in the acute phase of spinal cord traumatic lesions: relationship between MRI findings and neurological outcome. Radiol. Med. 2005; 110: 636–645.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao C.C., Lui T.N., Chen L.R., Chuang C.C., Huang Y.C. Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality in preschool-aged children: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with neurological outcomes. J. Neurosurg. 2005; 103: 17–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao C.C., Lui T.N., Chen L.R., Chuang C.C., Huang Y.C. Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality in preschool-aged children: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with neurological outcomes. J. Neurosurg. 2005; 103: 17–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rihn J.A., Fisher C., Harrop J., Morrison W., Yang N., Vaccaro A.R. Assessment of the posterior ligamentous complex following acute cervical spine trauma. J. Bone J. Surg. Am. 2010; 92: 583–589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rihn J.A., Fisher C., Harrop J., Morrison W., Yang N., Vaccaro A.R. Assessment of the posterior ligamentous complex following acute cervical spine trauma. J. Bone J. Surg. Am. 2010; 92: 583–589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizones J., Sánchez-Mariscal F., Zúñiga L., Álvarez P., Izquierdo E. Prospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accuracy in diagnosing traumatic injuries of the posterior ligamentous complex of the thoracolumbar spine. Spine. 2013; 38: 745–751. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31827934e4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizones J., Sánchez-Mariscal F., Zúñiga L., Álvarez P., Izquierdo E. Prospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accuracy in diagnosing traumatic injuries of the posterior ligamentous complex of the thoracolumbar spine. Spine. 2013; 38: 745–751. DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31827934e4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang J.D., Figgie M.P., Bohlman H.H. Sagittal measurements of the cervical spine in subaxial fractures and dislocations: an analysis of two hundred and eighty-eight patients with and without neurological deficits. J. Bone J. Surg. Am. 1994; 76 (11): 1617–1628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang J.D., Figgie M.P., Bohlman H.H. Sagittal measurements of the cervical spine in subaxial fractures and dislocations: an analysis of two hundred and eighty-eight patients with and without neurological deficits. J. Bone J. Surg. Am. 1994; 76 (11): 1617–1628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radcliff K., Su B.W., Kepler C.K., Rubin T., Shimer A.L., Rihn J.A., Harrop J.A., Albert T.J., Vaccaro A.R. Correlation of posterior ligamentous complex injury and neurological injury to loss of vertebral body height, kyphosis, and canal compromise. Spine. 2012; 37 (13): 1142–1150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radcliff K., Su B.W., Kepler C.K., Rubin T., Shimer A.L., Rihn J.A., Harrop J.A., Albert T.J., Vaccaro A.R. Correlation of posterior ligamentous complex injury and neurological injury to loss of vertebral body height, kyphosis, and canal compromise. Spine. 2012; 37 (13): 1142–1150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrop J.S, Jeyamohan S., Sharan A., Ratliff J., Flanders A., Maltenfort M., Falowski S., Vaccaro A. Acute Cervical Fracture or Congenital Spinal Deformity. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 2008; 31 (1): 83–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrop J.S, Jeyamohan S., Sharan A., Ratliff J., Flanders A., Maltenfort M., Falowski S., Vaccaro A. Acute Cervical Fracture or Congenital Spinal Deformity. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 2008; 31 (1): 83–87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
