<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-2018-5-94-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-659</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТРАСТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTRAST MEDIA</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рентгеноконтрастные вещества: фокус на безопасность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>X-ray contrast media: focus on safety</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корр. РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>corresponding-member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doctor of med. sci., Professor, head of Clinical Pharmacology Department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры клинической фармакологии</p><p>150063 Ярославль, ул. Труфанова, д. 21, кв. 16</p><p>+7-903-691-22-81</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. of med. sci., assistant of Clinical Pharmacology Department</p><p>150063, Yaroslavl, Russia, Trufanova str., 21-16</p><p>+7-903-691-22-81</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andkab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры терапии педиатрического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. of med. sci., associate Professor of the Department of Therapy of Pediatric Faculty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Ярославский государственный медицинский университет”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Yaroslavl State Medical University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хохлов А.Л., Кабанов А.В., Козлова О.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хохлов А.Л., Кабанов А.В., Козлова О.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khokhlov A.L., Kabanov A.V., Kozlova O.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/659">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/659</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлена современная классификация рентгеноконтрастных средств, обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки йодсодержащих контрастов. Рассмотрены основные, наиболее часто встречающиеся нежелательные реакции, возникающие в ответ на введение рентгеноконтрастного препарата, – реакции гиперчувствительности, поражение щитовидной железы, нефропатия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a modern classification of contrast media, the advantages and disadvantages of radiographic contrast media. The most important adverse events ofcontrast media such as hypersensitivity reactions, thyroid dysfunction andcontrast-induced nephropathy are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рентгеноконтрастные средства</kwd><kwd>нежелательные реакции</kwd><kwd>реакции гиперчувствительности</kwd><kwd>поражение щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>нефропатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>X-ray contrast media</kwd><kwd>adverse events</kwd><kwd>hypersensitivity reactions</kwd><kwd>thyroid dysfunction</kwd><kwd>nephropathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Применение контрастных препаратов при проведении рентгенологических исследований. Методические рекомендации. А.И. Громов, С.К. Терновой, А.Ю. Васильев, В.Ю. Босин, В.Е. Синицин, Г.Г. Кармазановский, И.В. Сидоренко, С.П. Морозов, Е.А. Евдокимов, Я.А. Лубашев, А.А. Михайлов, И.В. Кринина. М., 2013. 15 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The use of contrast media inx-raystudies. Guidelines. A.I. Gromov, S.K. Ternovoy, A.Y. Vasilev, V.Y. Boshin, V.E. Sinitsyn, G.G. Karmazanovsky, I.V. Sidorenko, S.P. Morozov, E.A. Evdokimov, J.A. Lobachev, A.A. Mikhailov, I.V. Grinina. M., 2013. 15 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Основы и принципы лучевой диагностики: Учебно-методическое пособие. А.И. Алешкевич, В.В. Рожковская, И.И. Сергеева, Т.Ф. Тихомирова, Г.А. Алесина. Минск: БГМУ, 2015. 86 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The foundations and principles of X-ray diagnostic: guidance manual. A.I. Aleshkevich, V.V. Rozhkovskaya, I.I. Sergeeva, T.F. Tikhomirova, G.A. Alesina. Minsk: BGMU, 2015. 86 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Контрастные средства для лучевой диагностики: Руководство. Г.Г. Кармазановский, Н.Л. Шимановский.М.: ГЭОТАР Медиа, 2013. 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contrast media for X-ray imaging. Guide. G.G. Karmazanovsky, N.L. Shimanovsky. M.: GEOTAR Media, 2013. 560 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreucci M., Faga T., Pisani A., Sabbatini M., Russo D., Michael M. Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy through a Knowledge of Its Pathogenesis and Risk Factors. Scientific Wld J. 2014; 2014: 1–16. DOI: 10.1155/2014/823169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreucci M., Faga T., Pisani A., Sabbatini M., Russo D., Michael M. Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy through a Knowledge of Its Pathogenesis and Risk Factors. Scientific Wld J. 2014; 2014: 1–16. DOI: 10.1155/2014/823169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katzberg R.W. Urography into the 21st century: new contrast media, renal handling, imaging characteristics, and nephrotoxicity. Radiology.1997; 204 (2): 297–312. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katzberg R.W. Urography into the 21st century: new contrast media, renal handling, imaging characteristics, and nephrotoxicity. Radiology.1997; 204 (2): 297–312. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.204.2.9240511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreucci M., Solomon R., Tasanarong A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. BioMed Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 1–20. DOI:10.1155/2014/741018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreucci M., Solomon R., Tasanarong A. Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention. BioMed Res. Int. 2014; 2014: 1–20. DOI:10.1155/2014/741018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreucci M., Faga T., Pisani A., Sabbatini M., Michael A. Acute kidney injury by radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis and prevention. BioMed. Res. Int. 2014; 1 (1): 1–6. DOI: 10.1155/2014/362725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreucci M., Faga T., Pisani A., Sabbatini M., Michael A. Acute kidney injury by radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis and prevention. BioMed. Res. Int. 2014; 1 (1): 1–6. DOI: 10.1155/2014/362725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрекалов И.М., Козлов В.А., Ларионов Л.П., Кернесюк Н.Л., Зуев М.Г. Экспериментальная оценка танталовых рентгеноконтрастных средств. Екатеринбург: УрОРАН, 2006: 24–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strekalov I.M., Kozlov V.A., Larionov L.P., Karasuk N.L., Zuev M.G. Experimental evaluation of tantalum contrast media. Yekaterinburg: UrORAN, 2006: 24–40. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стрекалов И.М., Ларионов Л.П., Зуев М.Г., Крохина Н.Б. Перспективы использования нейодистых рентгено-контрастных средств. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2007; 1: 45–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strekalov I.M., Larionov L.P., Zuev G.M., Krokhina N.B. Prospects for use of noniodinated contrast media. Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2007; 1: 45–54. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomson K.R., Varma D.K. Safe use of radiographic contrast media. Australian Prescriber. 2010; 33 (1): 19–22. DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2010.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomson K.R., Varma D.K. Safe use of radiographic contrast media. Australian Prescriber. 2010; 33 (1): 19–22. DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2010.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loh S., Bagheri S., KatzbergR.W., FungM.A., Li C. Delayed adverse reaction to contrast-enhanced CT: a prospective single-center study comparison to control group without enhancement. Radiology. 2010; 255 (3): 764–771. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10091848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loh S., Bagheri S., KatzbergR.W., FungM.A., Li C. Delayed adverse reaction to contrast- enhanced CT: a prospective single-center study comparison to control group without enhancement. Radiology. 2010; 255 (3): 764–771. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.10091848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schild H.H., Kuhl C.K., Hubner-Steiner U., Bohm I., Speck U. Adverse events after unenhanced and monomeric and dimeric contrast-enhanced CT: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Radiology. 2006; 240 (1): 56–64. DOI: 10.1148 /radiol.2393050560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schild H.H., Kuhl C.K., Hubner-Steiner U., Bohm I., Speck U. Adverse events after unenhanced and monomeric and dimeric contrast-enhanced CT: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Radiology. 2006; 240 (1): 56–64. DOI: 10.1148 /radiol.2393050560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sendeski M.M. Pathophysiology of renal tissue damage by iodinated contrast media. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2011; 38 (5): 292–299. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05503.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sendeski M.M. Pathophysiology of renal tissue damage by iodinated contrast media. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2011; 38 (5): 292–299. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05503.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molen A.J., Thomsen H.S., Morcos S.K. Effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid function in adults. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14 (5): 902–907. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-004-2238-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molen A.J., Thomsen H.S., Morcos S.K. Effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid function in adults. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14 (5): 902–907. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-004-2238-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katzberg R.W., Haller C. Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: clinical landscape. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2006; 69: 3–7. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000366.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katzberg R.W., Haller C. Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity: clinical landscape. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2006; 69: 3–7. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000366.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trumbo P., Yates A.A., Schlicker S., Poos M. Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 2001; 101 (3): 294–301. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00078-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trumbo P., Yates A.A., Schlicker S., Poos M. Dietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. J. Am. Dietetic Assoc. 2001; 101 (3): 294–301. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00078-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martins M.C., Lima N., Knobel M., Medeiros-Neto G. Natural course of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (Jodbasedow) in endemic goiter area: a 5 year follow-up. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 1989; 12 (4): 239–244. DOI.org/10.1007/BF03349973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martins M.C., Lima N., Knobel M., Medeiros-Neto G. Natural course of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (Jodbasedow) in endemic goiter area: a 5 year follow-up. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 1989; 12 (4): 239–244. DOI.org/10.1007/BF03349973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burgi H. Iodine excess. Best Practice and Research: Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 2010; 24 (1): 107–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burgi H. Iodine excess. Best Practice and Research: Clin. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 2010; 24 (1): 107–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhee C.M., Bhan I., Alexander E.K., Brunelli S.M. Association between iodinated contrast media exposure and incident hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Archives Int. Med. 2012; 172 (2): 153–159. DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhee C.M., Bhan I., Alexander E.K., Brunelli S.M. Association between iodinated contrast media exposure and incident hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Archives Int. Med. 2012; 172 (2): 153–159. DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heyman S.N., Rosenberger C., Rosen S., Khamaisi M. Why Is Diabetes Mellitus a Risk Factor for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Hindawi Publishing Corporation. BioMed Res. Int. 2013; 2013: 1–8. DOI:10.1155/2013/123589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heyman S.N., Rosenberger C., Rosen S., Khamaisi M. Why Is Diabetes Mellitus a Risk Factor for Contrast-Induced Nephropathy? Hindawi Publishing Corporation. BioMed Res. Int. 2013; 2013: 1–8. DOI:10.1155/2013/123589.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schilp J., de Blok C., Langelaan M., Spreeuwenberg P., Wagner C. Guideline adherence for identification and hydration of high-risk hospital patients for contrastinduced nephropathy. BMC Nephrol. 2014; 15 (1): 2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schilp J., de Blok C., Langelaan M., Spreeuwenberg P., Wagner C. Guideline adherence for identification and hydration of high-risk hospital patients for contrastinduced nephropathy. BMC Nephrol. 2014; 15 (1): 2. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrett B.J., Parfrey P.S. Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354 (4): 379–386. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp050801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrett B.J., Parfrey P.S. Clinical practice. Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 354 (4): 379–386. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp050801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harjai K.J., Raizada A., Shenoy C., Sattur S., Orshaw P., Yaeger K., Boura J., Aboufares A., Sporn D., Stapleton D. A comparison of contemporary definitions of contrast nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and a proposal for a novel nephropathy grading system. Am. J. Cardiol. 2008; 101 (6): 812–819. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.10.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harjai K.J., Raizada A., Shenoy C., Sattur S., Orshaw P., Yaeger K., Boura J., Aboufares A., Sporn D., Stapleton D. A comparison of contemporary definitions of contrast nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and a proposal for a novel nephropathy grading system. Am. J. Cardiol. 2008; 101 (6): 812–819. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.10.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">KIDGO. Clinical practice guideline for acute kidney, injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 116–121. DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2012.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KIDGO. Clinical practice guideline for acute kidney, injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012; 2: 116–121. DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2012.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каюков И.Г. Рентгеноконтрастная нефропатия. М.: ГОЭТАР-Медиа, 2009. 720 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauykov I.G. Contrast-induced nephropathy. М.: GOETARMedia, 2009. 720 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Контраст-индуцированные нефропатии (Фармакология рентгеноконтрастных средств). В.А. Раптанова, А.А. Сперанская, С.Н. Прошин. М.: ПЕДИАТР, 2016; 7 (1): 97–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contrast-induced nephropathy (Pharmacology of X-ray contrast agents). V.A. Raptanova, A.A. Speranckaya, S.N. Proshin. M.: PEDIATR, 2016; 7 (1): 97–105. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации по профилактике, диагностике и лечению контраст-индуцированной нефропатии. Г.В. Волгина, Н.Л. Козловская, Д.Ю. Щекочихин. М., 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy. G.V. Volgina, N.L. Kozlovskaya, D.Y. Shchekochikhin. M., 2014. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fliser D., Laville M., Covic A., Fouque D., Vanholder R., Juillard L.,Biesenet W.V.European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines on Acute Kidney Injury: Part 1: definitions, conservative management and contrast-induced nephropathy. The ad-hoc working group of ERBP: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (12): 4263–4272. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfs375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fliser D., Laville M., Covic A., Fouque D., Vanholder R., Juillard L.,Biesenet W.V.European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines on Acute Kidney Injury: Part 1: definitions, conservative management and contrast-induced nephropathy. The ad-hoc working group of ERBP: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012; 27 (12): 4263–4272. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfs375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newhouse J.H., Kho D., Rao Q.A., Starren J. Frequency of serum creatinine changes in the absence of iodinated contrast material: implications for studies of contrast nephrotoxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2008; 191 (2): 376–382. DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.3280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newhouse J.H., Kho D., Rao Q.A., Starren J. Frequency of serum creatinine changes in the absence of iodinated contrast material: implications for studies of contrast nephrotoxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2008; 191 (2): 376–382. DOI:10.2214/AJR.07.3280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwasa E.A., Inayak S., Armstrong R. The role of inflammation in contrast-induced nephropathy. Br. J. Radiol. 2014; 87: 2–5. DOI:10.1259/bjr.20130738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwasa E.A., Inayak S., Armstrong R. The role of inflammation in contrast-induced nephropathy. Br. J. Radiol. 2014; 87: 2–5. DOI:10.1259/bjr.20130738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aurelio A., Durante A. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, Outcome, Prevention and Treatment. Cardiology. 2014; 128 (1): 62–72. DOI:10.1159/000358042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aurelio A., Durante A. Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, Outcome, Prevention and Treatment. Cardiology. 2014; 128 (1): 62–72. DOI:10.1159/000358042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson P.B., Hansell P., Liss P. Pathophysiology of contrast medium induced nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2005; 68: 14–22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00377.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson P.B., Hansell P., Liss P. Pathophysiology of contrast medium induced nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2005; 68: 14–22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00377.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomsen H.S. Contrast media and the kidney: European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Guidelines. Br. J Radiol. 2003; 76 (908): 513–518. DOI: 10.1259/bjr/26964464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomsen H.S. Contrast media and the kidney: European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Guidelines. Br. J Radiol. 2003; 76 (908): 513–518. DOI: 10.1259/bjr/26964464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kappel J. Safe drug prescribing for patients with renal insufficiency. Nephrology. 2002; 166: 473–477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kappel J. Safe drug prescribing for patients with renal insufficiency. Nephrology. 2002; 166: 473–477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinrich M.C., KuhlmannM.K., Grgic A., Heckmann M., Kramann B., Uder M. Cytotoxic effects of ionic highosmolar, nonionic monomeric, and nonionic iso-osmolar dimeric iodinated contrast media on renal tubular cells in vitro. Radiology. 2005; 235 (3): 843–849. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2353040726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heinrich M.C., KuhlmannM.K., Grgic A., Heckmann M., Kramann B., Uder M. Cytotoxic effects of ionic highosmolar, nonionic monomeric, and nonionic iso-osmolar dimeric iodinated contrast media on renal tubular cells in vitro. Radiology. 2005; 235 (3): 843–849. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2353040726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aspelin P., Aubry P., Fransson S.-G., Strasser R., Willenbrock R., Berg K.J. Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography. New Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348 (6); 491–499. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aspelin P., Aubry P., Fransson S.-G., Strasser R., Willenbrock R., Berg K.J. Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography. New Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348 (6); 491–499. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taliercio C.P., Vlietstra R.E., Ilstrup D.M., Burnett, J.C., Menke K.K., Stensrud S.L., Holmes, D.R. A randomized comparison of the nephrotoxicity of iopamidol and diatrizoate in high risk patients undergoing cardiac angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1991; 17 (2): 384–390. DOI.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80103-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taliercio C.P., Vlietstra R.E., Ilstrup D.M., Burnett, J.C., Menke K.K., Stensrud S.L., Holmes, D.R. A randomized comparison of the nephrotoxicity of iopamidol and diatrizoate in high risk patients undergoing cardiac angiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1991; 17 (2): 384–390. DOI.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80103-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrett B.J., Carlisle E.J. Metaanalysis of the relative nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality iodinated contrast media. Radiology. 1993; 188 (1): 171–178. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrett B.J., Carlisle E.J. Metaanalysis of the relative nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality iodinated contrast media. Radiology. 1993; 188 (1): 171–178. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.188.1.8511292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinrich M.C., HaberleL., Muller V., Bautz W., Uder M. Nephrotoxicity of isoosmolariodixanol compared with nonionic low-osmolar contrast media: meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. Radiology. 2009; 250 (1): 68–86. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2501080833.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heinrich M.C., HaberleL., Muller V., Bautz W., Uder M. Nephrotoxicity of isoosmolariodixanol compared with nonionic low-osmolar contrast media: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Radiology. 2009; 250 (1): 68–86. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2501080833.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon R.J., Natarajan M.K., Doucet S., Sharma S.K., Staniloae C.S., Katholi R.E., Gelormini J.L., Labinaz M., Moreyra A.E. Cardiac angiography in renallyimpaired patients (CARE) study: a randomized double-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation. 2007; 115 (25): 3189–3196. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.671644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon R.J., Natarajan M.K., Doucet S., Sharma S.K., Staniloae C.S., Katholi R.E., Gelormini J.L., Labinaz M., Moreyra A.E. Cardiac angiography in renallyimpaired patients (CARE) study: a randomized double-blind trial of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circulation. 2007; 115 (25): 3189–3196. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.671644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed M., Meier P., TamhaneU.U., Welch K.B., Moscucci M., GurmH.S. The relative renal safety of iodixanol compared with low-osmolarcontrastmedia: ametaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. JACC: Cardiovasc. Interv. 2009; 2 (7): 645–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed M., Meier P., TamhaneU.U., Welch K.B., Moscucci M., GurmH.S. The relative renal safety of iodixanol compared with low-osmolarcontrastmedia: ametaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. JACC: Cardiovasc. Interv. 2009; 2 (7): 645–654. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2009.05.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolognese L., Falsini G., Schwenke C., Grotti S., Limbruno U., Liistro F., Carrera A., Angioli P., Picchi A., Ducci K., Pierli C. Impact of isoosmolar versus lowosmolar contrast agents on contrastinduced nephropathy and tissue reperfusion in unselected patients with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the Contrast Media and Nephrotoxicity Following primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction [CONTRASTAMI]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolognese L., Falsini G., Schwenke C., Grotti S., Limbruno U., Liistro F., Carrera A., Angioli P., Picchi A., Ducci K., Pierli C. Impact of isoosmolar versus lowosmolar contrast agents on contrastinduced nephropathy and tissue reperfusion in unselected patients with STsegment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the Contrast Media and Nephrotoxicity Following primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction [CONTRASTAMI] trial). Am. J. Cardiol. 2012; 109 (1): 67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">trial). Am. J. Cardiol. 2012; 109 (1): 67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong M., Jiao Z., Liu T., Guo F., Li G. Effect of administration route on the renal safety of contrast agents: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Nephrol. 2012; 25 (3): 290–301. DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000067.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong M., Jiao Z., Liu T., Guo F., Li G. Effect of administration route on the renal safety of contrast agents: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Nephrol. 2012; 25 (3): 290–301. DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000067.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruce R.J., Djamali A., Shinki K., Michel S.J., Fine J.P., Pozniak M.A. Background fluctuation of kidney function versus contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192 (3): 711–718. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.08.1413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruce R.J., Djamali A., Shinki K., Michel S.J., Fine J.P., Pozniak M.A. Background fluctuation of kidney function versus contrast-induced nephrotoxicity. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2009; 192 (3): 711–718. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.08.1413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon R., Deray G. How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and manage risk patients: practical recommendations. Kidney Int. 2006; 100: 51–53. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon R., Deray G. How to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy and manage risk patients: practical recommendations. Kidney Int. 2006; 100: 51–53. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou S.H., Bushinsky D.A., Wish J.B., Cohen J.J., Harrington J.T. Hospital acquired renal insufficiency: A prospective study. Am. J. Med. 1983; 74: 243–248. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90618-6 •</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou S.H., Bushinsky D.A., Wish J.B., Cohen J.J., Harrington J.T. Hospital acquired renal insufficiency: A prospective study. Am. J. Med. 1983; 74: 243–248. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)90618-6 •</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katholi R.E., Woods W.T. Jr, Taylor G.J., Deitrick C.L., Womack K.A., Katholi C.R., McCann W.P. Oxygen free radicals and contrast nephropathy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1998; 32: 64–71. DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9669426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katholi R.E., Woods W.T. Jr, Taylor G.J., Deitrick C.L., Womack K.A., Katholi C.R., McCann W.P. Oxygen free radicals and contrast nephropathy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1998; 32: 64–71. DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9669426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehran R., Nikolsky E. Contrast induced nephropathy: Definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2006: 11–15. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehran R., Nikolsky E. Contrast induced nephropathy: Definition, epidemiology, and patients at risk. Kidney Int. Suppl. 2006: 11–15. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCullough P.A., Adam A., Becker C.R., Davidson C., Lameire N., Stacul F., Tumlin J. CIN Consensus Working Panel. Risk prediction of contrastinduced nephropathy. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 98: 27–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCullough P.A., Adam A., Becker C.R., Davidson C., Lameire N., Stacul F., Tumlin J. CIN Consensus Working Panel. Risk prediction of contrastinduced nephropathy. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 98: 27–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehran R., Aymong E.D., Nikolsky E., Lasic Z., Iakovou I., Fahy M.,Mintz G.S., Lansky A.J., Moses J.W., Stone G.W., Leon M.B., Dangas G.A simple risk score for prediction of contrastinduced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Development and initial validation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 44: 1393–1399. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehran R., Aymong E.D., Nikolsky E., Lasic Z., Iakovou I., Fahy M.,Mintz G.S., Lansky A.J., Moses J.W., Stone G.W., Leon M.B., Dangas G.A simple risk score for prediction of contrastinduced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: Development and initial validation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 44: 1393–1399. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toprak O., Cirit M., Yesil M., Byrne D.W., Postaci N., Bayata S., Majchrzak K.M.,Esi E. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy in nondiabetic elderly patients with renal impairment. Kidney Blood Press. Res. 2006; 29: 2–9. DOI: 10.1159/000092481.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toprak O., Cirit M., Yesil M., Byrne D.W., Postaci N., Bayata S., Majchrzak K.M.,Esi E. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy in nondiabetic elderly patients with renal impairment. Kidney Blood Press. Res. 2006; 29: 2–9. DOI: 10.1159/000092481.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toprak O. Conflicting and new risk factors for contrastinduced nephropathy. J. Urol. 2007; 178 (6): 2277–2283. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.054.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toprak O. Conflicting and new risk factors for contrastinduced nephropathy. J. Urol. 2007; 178 (6): 2277–2283. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.054.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toprak O., Cirit M., Yesil M., Bayata S., Tanrisev M., Varol U., Ersoy R., Esi E. Impact of diabetic and prediabetic state on development of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2007; 22: 819. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl636.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toprak O., Cirit M., Yesil M., Bayata S., Tanrisev M., Varol U., Ersoy R., Esi E. Impact of diabetic and prediabetic state on development of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2007; 22: 819. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl636.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang C.F., Lin C.C. Current concepts of contrast-induced nephropathy: A brief review. J. Chine. Med. Assoc. 2013; 76: 673–681. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.08.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang C.F., Lin C.C. Current concepts of contrast-induced nephropathy: A brief review. J. Chine. Med. Assoc. 2013; 76: 673–681. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.08.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berns A.S. Nephrotoxicity of contrast media. Kidney Int. 1989; 36: 730–740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berns A.S. Nephrotoxicity of contrast media. Kidney Int. 1989; 36: 730–740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudnick M.R., Goldfarb S., Tumlin J. Contrast-induced nephropathy: is the picture any clearer? Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008; 3: 261–262. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04951107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rudnick M.R., Goldfarb S., Tumlin J. Contrast-induced nephropathy: is the picture any clearer? Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008; 3: 261–262. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04951107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lameire N., Adam A., Becker C.R., Davidson C., McCullough P.A., Stacul F., Tumlin J. Baseline Renal Function Screening. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 98 (6A): 21–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lameire N., Adam A., Becker C.R., Davidson C., McCullough P.A., Stacul F., Tumlin J. Baseline Renal Function Screening. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006; 98 (6A): 21–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleeson T.G., Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183 (6): 1673–1689. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleeson T.G., Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183 (6): 1673–1689. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaribeygi H., Farrokhi F.R., Rezaee R, Sahebkar A. Oxidative stress induces renal failure: A review of possible molecular pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 2018; 119 (4): 2990–2998. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaribeygi H., Farrokhi F.R., Rezaee R, Sahebkar A. Oxidative stress induces renal failure: A review of possible molecular pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 2018; 119 (4): 2990–2998. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okamura D.M., Pennathur S., Pasichnyk K., López-Guisa J.M., Collins S., Febbraio M., Heinecke J., Eddy A.A. CD36 regulates oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009; 20 (3): 495–505. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2008010009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okamura D.M., Pennathur S., Pasichnyk K., López-Guisa J.M., Collins S., Febbraio M., Heinecke J., Eddy A.A. CD36 regulates oxidative stress and inflammation in hypercholesterolemic CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009; 20 (3): 495–505. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2008010009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller C. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with volume supplementation. Kidney Int. 2006; 69: 16–19. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.19.2328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller C. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with volume supplementation. Kidney Int. 2006; 69: 16–19. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.19.2328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balemans C.E., Reichert L.J., van Schelven B.I., van den Brand J.A., Wetzels J.F. Epidemiology of contrastmaterialinduced nephropathy in the era of hydration. Radiology. 2012; 263 (3): 706–713. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12111667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balemans C.E., Reichert L.J., van Schelven B.I., van den Brand J.A., Wetzels J.F. Epidemiology of contrastmaterialinduced nephropathy in the era of hydration. Radiology. 2012; 263 (3): 706–713. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12111667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen K.J., Christensen E. I., Vik H. Effects of iodinated x-ray contrast media on renal epithelial cells in culture. Invest. Radiol. 1994; 29: 955–962.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen K.J., Christensen E. I., Vik H. Effects of iodinated x-ray contrast media on renal epithelial cells in culture. Invest. Radiol. 1994; 29: 955–962.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomsen H.S. Guidelines for contrast media from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 181 (6): 1463–1471. DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e328011c96f.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomsen H.S. Guidelines for contrast media from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2003; 181 (6): 1463–1471. DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e328011c96f.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis J.H., Cohan R.H. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: an overview. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 2009; 47 (5): 801–811. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2009.06.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis J.H., Cohan R.H. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: an overview. Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 2009; 47 (5): 801–811. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2009.06.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon R., DauermanH.L. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Circulation. 2010; 122 (23): 2451–2455. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953851.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon R., DauermanH.L. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Circulation. 2010; 122 (23): 2451–2455. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953851.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merten G.J., Burgess W.P., Gray L.V., Holleman J.H., Roush T.S., Kowalchuk G.J., Bersin R.M., Van Moore A., Simonton C.A. 3rd, Rittase R.A., Norton H.J., Kennedy T.P. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2004; 291 (19): 2328–2334. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.19.2328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merten G.J., Burgess W.P., Gray L.V., Holleman J.H., Roush T.S., Kowalchuk G.J., Bersin R.M., Van Moore A., Simonton C.A. 3rd, Rittase R.A., Norton H.J., Kennedy T.P. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2004; 291 (19): 2328–2334. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.19.2328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masuda M., Yamada T., Mine T., Morita T., Tamaki S., Tsukamoto Y., Okuda K., Iwasaki Y., Hori M., Fukunami M. Comparison of usefulness of sodium bicarbonate versus sodium chloride to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing an emergent coronary procedure. Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 100 (5): 781–786. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.098.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masuda M., Yamada T., Mine T., Morita T., Tamaki S., Tsukamoto Y., Okuda K., Iwasaki Y., Hori M., Fukunami M. Comparison of usefulness of sodium bicarbonate versus sodium chloride to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing an emergent coronary procedure. Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 100 (5): 781–786. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.098.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jang J.S., Jin H.Y., Seo J.S., Yang T.H., Kim D.K., Kim T.H., Urm S.H., Kim D.S., Kim D.K., Seol S.H., Kim D.I., Cho K.I., Kim B.H., Park Y.H., Je H.G., Ahn J.M., Kim W.J., Lee J.Y., Lee S.W. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation J. 2012; 76 (9): 2255–2265. DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0096.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jang J.S., Jin H.Y., Seo J.S., Yang T.H., Kim D.K., Kim T.H., Urm S.H., Kim D.S., Kim D.K., Seol S.H., Kim D.I., Cho K.I., Kim B.H., Park Y.H., Je H.G., Ahn J.M., Kim W.J., Lee J.Y., Lee S.W. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for the prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation J. 2012; 76 (9): 2255–2265. DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0096.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamura A., Goto Y., Miyamoto K., Naono S., Kawano Y., Kotoku M., Watanabe T., Kadota J. Efficacy of singlebolus administration of sodium bicarbonate to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in patients with mild renal insufficiency undergoing an elective coronary procedure. Am. J. Cardiol. 2009; 104 (7): 921–925. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamura A., Goto Y., Miyamoto K., Naono S., Kawano Y., Kotoku M., Watanabe T., Kadota J. Efficacy of singlebolus administration of sodium bicarbonate to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in patients with mild renal insufficiency undergoing an elective coronary procedure. Am. J. Cardiol. 2009; 104 (7): 921–925. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brar S.S., Hiremath S., Dangas G., Mehran R., Brar S.K., Leon M.B. Sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast-inducedacute kidney injury: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009; 4 (10): 1584–1592. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.03120509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brar S.S., Hiremath S., Dangas G., Mehran R., Brar S.K., Leon M.B. Sodium bicarbonate for the prevention of contrast-inducedacute kidney injury: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009; 4 (10): 1584–1592. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.03120509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasheghani-Farahani A., Sadigh G., KassaianS.E., Khatami S.M., Fotouhi A., Razavi S.A., Mansournia M.A., Yamini-Sharif A., Amirzadegan A., Salarifar M., Sadeghian S., Davoodi G., Borumand M.A., Esfehani F.A., Darabian S. Sodium bicarbonate plus isotonic saline versus saline for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2009; 54 (4): 610–618. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.05.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasheghani-Farahani A., Sadigh G., KassaianS.E., Khatami S.M., Fotouhi A., Razavi S.A., Mansournia M.A., Yamini-Sharif A., Amirzadegan A., Salarifar M., Sadeghian S., Davoodi G., Borumand M.A., Esfehani F.A., Darabian S. Sodium bicarbonate plus isotonic saline versus saline for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomized controlled</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleeson T.G., Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183 (6): 1673–1689. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831673.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">trial. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2009; 54 (4): 610–618. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.05.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heyman S.N., Rosen S., Khamaisi M., Idee J.-M., Rosenberger C. Reactive oxygen species and the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleeson T.G., Bulugahapitiya S. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183 (6): 1673–1689. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.183.6.01831673.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">pathogenesis of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Invest. Radiology. 2010; 45 (4): 188–195. DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181d2eed8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heyman S.N., Rosen S., Khamaisi M., Idee J.-M., Rosenberger C. Reactive oxygen species and the pathogenesis of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Invest. Radiology. 2010; 45 (4): 188–195. DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181d2eed8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H.-C., Sheu S.-H., Liu I.-H., Lee C.-C., Hsieh C.-C., Yen H.-W., Lai W.-T., Chang J.-G. Impact of short-duration administration of N-acetylcysteine, probucol and ascorbic acid on contrast-induced cytotoxicity. J. Nephrol. 2012; 25 (1): 56–62. DOI: 10.5301/JN.2011.7741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H.-C., Sheu S.-H., Liu I.-H., Lee C.-C., Hsieh C.-C., Yen H.-W., Lai W.-T., Chang J.-G. Impact of short-duration administration of N-acetylcysteine, probucol and ascorbic acid on contrast-induced cytotoxicity. J. Nephrol. 2012; 25 (1): 56–62. DOI: 10.5301/JN.2011.7741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briguori C., Colombo A., Violante A., Balestrieri P., Manganelli F., Elia P.P., Golia B., Lepore S., Riviezzo G., Pierfranco R., Scarpato P., Focaccio A., LibreraM., Bonizzoni E., Ricciardelli B. Standard vs. double dose of N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast agent associated</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briguori C., Colombo A., Violante A., Balestrieri P., Manganelli F., Elia P.P., Golia B., Lepore S., Riviezzo G., Pierfranco R., Scarpato P., Focaccio A., LibreraM., Bonizzoni E., Ricciardelli B. Standard vs. double dose of N-acetylcysteine to prevent contrast agent associated nephrotoxicity. Eur. Heart J. 2004; 25 (3): 206–211. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.11.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">nephrotoxicity. Eur. Heart J. 2004; 25 (3): 206–211. DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.11.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tepel M., Giet M., Schwarzfeld C., Laufer U., Liermann D., Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrastagentinduced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. New Engl. J. Med. 2000; 343 (3): 180–184. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200007203430304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tepel M., Giet M., Schwarzfeld C., Laufer U., Liermann D., Zidek W. Prevention of radiographic-contrastagentinduced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. New Engl. J. Med. 2000; 343 (3): 180–184. DOI:10.1056/NEJM200007203430304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrario F., Barone M.T., Landoni G., Genderini A., Heidemperger M., Trezzi M., Piccaluga E., Danna P., Scorza D. Acetylcysteine and non-ionic isosmolar contrast-induced nephropathy – a randomized controlled study. Nephrol. Dialysis Transplant. 2009; 24 (10): 3103– 3107. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrario F., Barone M.T., Landoni G., Genderini A., Heidemperger M., Trezzi M., Piccaluga E., Danna P., Scorza D. Acetylcysteine and non-ionic isosmolar contrast-induced nephropathy – a randomized controlled study. Nephrol. Dialysis Transplant. 2009; 24 (10): 3103–3107. DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexopoulos E., Spargias K., Kyrzopoulos S., Manginas A., Pavlides G., Voudris V., Lerakis S., McLean D.S., Cokkinos D.V. Contrastinducedacute kidney injury in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing a coronary procedure and receiving non-ionic lowosmolar versus iso-osmolar contrast media. Am. J. Med. Scie. 2010; 339 (1): 25–30. DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181c06e70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexopoulos E., Spargias K., Kyrzopoulos S., Manginas A., Pavlides G., Voudris V., Lerakis S., McLean D.S., Cokkinos D.V. Contrastinducedacute kidney injury in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing a coronary procedure and receiving non-ionic lowosmolar versus iso-osmolar contrast media. Am. J. Med. Scie. 2010; 339 (1): 25–30. DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181c06e70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boscheri A., Weinbrenner C., Botzek B., Reynen K., Kuhlisch E., Strasser R.H. Failure of ascorbic acid to prevent contrast media induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction. Clin. Nephrol. 2007; 68 (5): 279–286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boscheri A., Weinbrenner C., Botzek B., Reynen K., Kuhlisch E., Strasser R.H. Failure of ascorbic acid to prevent contrast media induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction. clin. Nephrol. 2007; 68 (5): 279–286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
