<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БРЮШНАЯ ПОЛОСТЬ И ЗАБРЮШИННОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ABDOMEN AND RETROPERITONEAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ и 18F-холином в комплексной диагностике диссеминированного гепатоцеллюлярного рака у пациента семи лет (клиническое наблюдение)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PET/CT witH 18F-FDG and 18F-Choline in the Complex Diagnostics of Disseminated Hepatocellular Cancer in the Patient Seven Years Old (Clinical Case)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулин</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulin</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отделения позитронной эмиссионной томографии,</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical doctor of PET department,</p><p>115478 Moscow, Kashirskoe shosse, 23</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгушин</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgushin</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, заведующий отделением позитронной эмиссионной томографии,</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doct. of med. sci., head of PET department,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оджарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odzharova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения позитронной эмиссионной томографии,</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. of med. sci., medical doctor of PET department,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отделения позитронной эмиссионной томографии,</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>medical doctor of PET department,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невзоров</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevzorov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-радиохимик отделения позитронной эмиссионной томографии,</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>engineer of PET department,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, врач отделения рентгенодиагностического</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doct. of med. sci., medical doctor,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ “Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тулин П.Е., Долгушин М.Б., Оджарова А.А., Михайлов А.И., Невзоров Д.И., Медведева Б.М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тулин П.Е., Долгушин М.Б., Оджарова А.А., Михайлов А.И., Невзоров Д.И., Медведева Б.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tulin P.E., Dolgushin M.B., Odzharova A.A., Mikhailov A.I., Nevzorov D.I., Medvedeva B.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/333">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен редкий случай диссеминированного гепатоцеллюлярного рака у пациента детского возраста с использованием ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-холином и 18F-фтордезоксиглюкозой и МРТ с внутривенным контрастированием гепатотропным препаратом “Мультихэнс”. Получены данные о наличии метастатического поражения левого легкого и правой доли печени. Выявлены различия в накоплении 18F-холина и 18F-фтордезоксиглюкозы в метастазах гепатоцеллюлярного рака. ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-холином показала высокую чувствительность в диагностике метастазов высокодифференцированного гепатоцеллюлярного рака и может успешно использоваться в детском возрасте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The rare case of disseminated hepatocellular cancer in 7-year-old male patient has been analyzed using PET/СТ with 18F-choline and 18F-FDG and MRI with intravenous hepatotropic agent (“MultiНance”). Data confirming the presence of metastatic lesions of the left lung and the right lobe of the liver were obtained. Differences in the uptake of 18F-choline and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomahave been detected. PET/CT with 18F-choline showed a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of metastatic highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. PET/CT can be used successfully in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in pediatric patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ПЭТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>18F-холин</kwd><kwd>18F-фтордезоксиглюкоза</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярный рак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PET/CT</kwd><kwd>18F-choline</kwd><kwd>18F-fluorodeoxyglucose</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular carcinoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelly D. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children. Clin. Liver Disease. 2015; 19 (2): 433–447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelly D. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children. Clin. Liver Disease. 2015; 19 (2): 433–447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perlmutter D.H. Pathogenesis of chronic liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Pediatr. Res. 2006; 60 (2): 233–238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perlmutter D.H. Pathogenesis of chronic liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Pediatr. Res. 2006; 60 (2): 233–238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моногарова Н.Е., Мороз Т.В. Недостаточность альфа-1-антитрипсина. Новости медицины и фармации. 2009; 304: 12–73. Monogarova N.E., Moroz T.V. Deficiency of alpha-1- antitrypsin. Novosti meditsini i pharmatsdii. 2009; 304: 12–73. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Моногарова Н.Е., Мороз Т.В. Недостаточность альфа-1-антитрипсина. Новости медицины и фармации. 2009; 304: 12–73. Monogarova N.E., Moroz T.V. Deficiency of alpha-1- antitrypsin. Novosti meditsini i pharmatsdii. 2009; 304: 12–73. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Labrune P., Trioche P., Duvaltier I. Hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease type I and III: a series of 43 patients and review of the literature. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1997; 24 (3): 276–279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Labrune P., Trioche P., Duvaltier I. Hepatocellular adenomas in glycogen storage disease type I and III: a series of 43 patients and review of the literature. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 1997; 24 (3): 276–279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y.T., Burchell A. Glycogen storage diseases. Harrison's Principles Intern. Med. 1998: 2176–2182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y.T., Burchell A. Glycogen storage diseases. Harrison's Principles Intern. Med. 1998: 2176–2182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinberg A.G., Mize C.E., Worthen H.G. The occurrence of hepatoma in the chronic form of hereditary tyrosinemia. J. Pediatr. 1976; 88 (3): 434–438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinberg A.G., Mize C.E., Worthen H.G. The occurrence of hepatoma in the chronic form of hereditary tyrosinemia. J. Pediatr. 1976; 88 (3): 434–438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davit-Spraul A., Gonzales E., Baussan C. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2009; 4 (1): 12–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davit-Spraul A., Gonzales E., Baussan C. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2009; 4 (1): 12–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reuben A. Hepatocellular carcinoma in adults and children. Clin. Liver Dis. 2015; 19 (2): 8–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reuben A. Hepatocellular carcinoma in adults and children. Clin. Liver Dis. 2015; 19 (2): 8–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwatsuki S., Sheahan D., Yokoyama I. Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 1991; 214 (3): 221–228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwatsuki S., Sheahan D., Yokoyama I. Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann. Surg. 1991; 214 (3): 221–228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ikeda M., Okada S., Ueno H. Radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study. Jap. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 31 (7): 322–326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ikeda M., Okada S., Ueno H. Radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study. Jap. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 31 (7): 322–326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tagge E.P., Tagge D.U., Reyes J. Resection, including transplantation, for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on survival. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2009; 27 (3): 292–297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tagge E.P., Tagge D.U., Reyes J. Resection, including transplantation, for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on survival. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2009; 27 (3): 292–297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zen Y., Vara R., Portmann B. Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 cases with special reference to EpCAM. Histopathology. 2014; 64 (5): 671–682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zen Y., Vara R., Portmann B. Childhood hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 12 cases with special reference to EpCAM. Histopathology. 2014; 64 (5): 671–682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caturelli E. et al. Hemangioma-like lesions in chronic liver disease: diagnostic evaluation in patients 1. Radiology. 2001; 220 (2): 337–342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caturelli E. et al. Hemangioma-like lesions in chronic liver disease: diagnostic evaluation in patients 1. Radiology. 2001; 220 (2): 337–342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsui O., Kadoya M., Kameyama T. Benign and malignant nodules in cirrhotic livers: distinction based on blood supply. Radiology. 1991; 178 (2): 493–497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsui O., Kadoya M., Kameyama T. Benign and malignant nodules in cirrhotic livers: distinction based on blood supply. Radiology. 1991; 178 (2): 493–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fracanzani A.L., Burdick L., Borzio M. Contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant lesions in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2001; 34 (6): 1109–1112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fracanzani A.L., Burdick L., Borzio M. Contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant lesions in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2001; 34 (6): 1109–1112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colli A., Fraquelli M., Casazza G. Accuracy of ultrasonography, spiral CT, magnetic resonance, and alphafetoprotein in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2006; 101 (3): 513–523.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colli A., Fraquelli M., Casazza G. Accuracy of ultrasonography, spiral CT, magnetic resonance, and alphafetoprotein in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2006; 101 (3): 513–523.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson S.R., Burns P.N. An algorithm for the diagnosis of focal liver masses using microbubble contrastenhanced pulse-inversion sonography. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006; 186 (5): 1401–1412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson S.R., Burns P.N. An algorithm for the diagnosis of focal liver masses using microbubble contrastenhanced pulse-inversion sonography. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2006; 186 (5): 1401–1412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL–EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 2012; 56 (4): 908–943.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL–EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 2012; 56 (4): 908–943.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forner A., Vilana R., Ayuso C. Diagnosis of hepatic nodules 20 mm or smaller in cirrhosis: prospective valida tion of the noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2008; 47 (1): 97–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forner A., Vilana R., Ayuso C. Diagnosis of hepatic nodules 20 mm or smaller in cirrhosis: prospective valida tion of the noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2008; 47 (1): 97–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breedis C., Young G. The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am. J. Pathol. 1954; 30 (5): 969–985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breedis C., Young G. The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am. J. Pathol. 1954; 30 (5): 969–985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baron R.L., Nalesnik M., Holbert B.L. Hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with biphasic, contrast-enhanced, helical CT. Radiology. 1996; 199 (2): 505–511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baron R.L., Nalesnik M., Holbert B.L. Hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with biphasic, contrast-enhanced, helical CT. Radiology. 1996; 199 (2): 505–511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кармазановский Г.Г., Шимановский Н.Л. Диагностическая эффективность нового магнитно-резонансного контрастного средства “Примовист” (гадоксетовая кислота) при выявлении первичных и вторичных опухолей печени. Медицинская визуализация. 2007; 6: 135–143. Karmazanovsky G.G., Shimanovsky N.L. The diagnostic efficacy of a new magnetic resonance contrast agent “Primovist” (gadoxetate acid) in the identification of primary and secondary liver tumors. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2007; 6: 135–143. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кармазановский Г.Г., Шимановский Н.Л. Диагностическая эффективность нового магнитно-резонансного контрастного средства “Примовист” (гадоксетовая кислота) при выявлении первичных и вторичных опухолей печени. Медицинская визуализация. 2007; 6: 135–143. Karmazanovsky G.G., Shimanovsky N.L. The diagnostic efficacy of a new magnetic resonance contrast agent “Primovist” (gadoxetate acid) in the identification of primary and secondary liver tumors. Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 2007; 6: 135–143. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терновой С.К., Шахиджанова С.В. Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике очаговых заболеваний печени (обзор литературы). Медицинская визуализация. 1999; 3: 24–27. Ternovoy S.K., Shahidzhanova S.V. Magnetic-resonance imaging in the diagnosis of focal liver disease (review). Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 1999; 4: 14–23. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Терновой С.К., Шахиджанова С.В. Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике очаговых заболеваний печени (обзор литературы). Медицинская визуализация. 1999; 3: 24–27. Ternovoy S.K., Shahidzhanova S.V. Magnetic-resonance imaging in the diagnosis of focal liver disease (review). Meditsinskaya vizualizatsiya. 1999; 4: 14–23. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянченко А.Б., Медведева Б.М. Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике очаговых поражений печени. Вестник РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2004; 15 (1): 2. Lukyanchenko A.B., Medvedeva B.M. Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Vestnik RONC im. N.N. Blohina RAMN. 2004; 15 (1): 2. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лукьянченко А.Б., Медведева Б.М. Магнитно-резонансная томография в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике очаговых поражений печени. Вестник РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН. 2004; 15 (1): 2. Lukyanchenko A.B., Medvedeva B.M. Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Vestnik RONC im. N.N. Blohina RAMN. 2004; 15 (1): 2. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong Y.Y., Yim N.Y., Kang H.K. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver with helical CT and MRI: imaging spectrum and pitfalls of cirrhosis-related nodules. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185 (4): 1024–1032.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong Y.Y., Yim N.Y., Kang H.K. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver with helical CT and MRI: imaging spectrum and pitfalls of cirrhosis-related nodules. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2005; 185 (4): 1024–1032.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee M.H., Kim S.H., Park M.J. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI and high-b-value diffusionweighted imaging to distinguish well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas from benign nodules in patients with chronic liver disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2011; 197 (5): 868–875.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee M.H., Kim S.H., Park M.J. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI and high-b-value diffusionweighted imaging to distinguish well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas from benign nodules in patients with chronic liver disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2011; 197 (5): 868–875.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянченко А.Б., Медведева Б.М. Современная тактика распознавания новообразований печени. Издательская группа РОНЦ; Практическая медицина. 2015; 87–91. Lukyanchenko A.B., Medvedeva B.M. Modern tactics recognition of liver tumors. Izdatel'skaya gruppa RONC; Prakticheskaya meditsdina. 2015; 87–91. (In Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лукьянченко А.Б., Медведева Б.М. Современная тактика распознавания новообразований печени. Издательская группа РОНЦ; Практическая медицина. 2015; 87–91. Lukyanchenko A.B., Medvedeva B.M. Modern tactics recognition of liver tumors. Izdatel'skaya gruppa RONC; Prakticheskaya meditsdina. 2015; 87–91. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delbeke D., Martin W.H., Sandler M.P. Evaluation of benign vs malignant hepatic lesions with positron emission tomography. Arch. Surg. 1998; 133 (5): 510–516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delbeke D., Martin W.H., Sandler M.P. Evaluation of benign vs malignant hepatic lesions with positron emission tomography. Arch. Surg. 1998; 133 (5): 510–516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trojan J., Schroeder O., Raedle J. Fluorine-18 FDG positron emission tomography for imaging of hepato cellular carcinoma. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1999; 94 (11): 3314–3319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trojan J., Schroeder O., Raedle J. Fluorine-18 FDG positron emission tomography for imaging of hepato cellular carcinoma. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1999; 94 (11): 3314–3319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talbot J.N., Gutman F., Fartoux L. PET/CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using [18F] fluorocholine: preliminary comparison with [18F] FDG PET/CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molecular Imaging. 2006; 33 (11): 1285–1289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talbot J.N., Gutman F., Fartoux L. PET/CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using [18F] fluorocholine: preliminary comparison with [18F] FDG PET/CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molecular Imaging. 2006; 33 (11): 1285–1289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto Y., Nishiyama Y., Kameyama R. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using 11C-choline PET: comparison with 18F-FDG PET. J. Nuclear Med. 2008; 49 (8): 1245–1248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto Y., Nishiyama Y., Kameyama R. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using 11C-choline PET: comparison with 18F-FDG PET. J. Nuclear Med. 2008; 49 (8): 1245–1248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang K.H., Choi D.J., Lee S.Y. Evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas using [11C] acetate and [18F] FDG PET/CT: A preliminary study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2009; 67 (7): 1195–1198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang K.H., Choi D.J., Lee S.Y. Evaluation of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas using [11C] acetate and [18F] FDG PET/CT: A preliminary study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2009; 67 (7): 1195–1198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.W., Paeng J.C., Kang K.W. Prediction of tumor recurrence by 18F-FDG PET in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Nuclear Med. 2009; 50 (5): 682–687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.W., Paeng J.C., Kang K.W. Prediction of tumor recurrence by 18F-FDG PET in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Nuclear Med. 2009; 50 (5): 682–687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talbot J.N., Fartoux L., Balogova S. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with PET/CT: a prospective comparison of 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease. J. Nuclear Med. 2010; 51 (11): 1699–1706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talbot J.N., Fartoux L., Balogova S. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma with PET/CT: a prospective comparison of 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG in patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease. J. Nuclear Med. 2010; 51 (11): 1699–1706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Esschert J.W., Bieze M., Beuers U.H. Differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia using 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molecular Imaging. 2011; 38 (3): 436–440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Esschert J.W., Bieze M., Beuers U.H. Differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia using 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Molecular Imaging. 2011; 38 (3): 436–440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuang Y., Salem N., Tian H. Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11C] choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies . J. Nuclear Med. 2011; 52 (1): 98–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuang Y., Salem N., Tian H. Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11C] choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies . J. Nuclear Med. 2011; 52 (1): 98–106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahill G.F., Ashmore J., Renold A.E. Blood glucose and the liver . Am. J. Med. 1959; 26 (2): 264–282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cahill G.F., Ashmore J., Renold A.E. Blood glucose and the liver . Am. J. Med. 1959; 26 (2): 264–282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hers H.G. The control of glycogen metabolism in the liver. Ann. Rev. Biochemistry. 1976; 44 (1): 167–190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hers H.G. The control of glycogen metabolism in the liver. Ann. Rev. Biochemistry. 1976; 44 (1): 167–190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nordlie R.C., Foster J.D., Lange A.J. Regulation of glucose production by the liver. Ann. Rev. Nutrition. 1999; 19 (1): 379–406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nordlie R.C., Foster J.D., Lange A.J. Regulation of glucose production by the liver. Ann. Rev. Nutrition. 1999; 19 (1): 379–406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.D., Yang W.I., Park Y.N. Different glucose uptake and glycolytic mechanisms between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma with increased 18F-FDG uptake. J. Nucl. Med. 2005; 46 (10): 1753–1759.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.D., Yang W.I., Park Y.N. Different glucose uptake and glycolytic mechanisms between hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma with increased 18F-FDG uptake. J. Nucl. Med. 2005; 46 (10): 1753–1759.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paudyal B., Oriuchi N., Paudyal P. Clinicopathological presentation of varying 18F-FDG uptake and expression of glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ann. Nuclear Med. 2008; 22 (1): 83–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paudyal B., Oriuchi N., Paudyal P. Clinicopathological presentation of varying 18F-FDG uptake and expression of glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ann. Nuclear Med. 2008; 22 (1): 83–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorensen M., Frisch K., Bender D. The potential use of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose as a PET/CT tracer for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur. J. Nuclear Med. Molec. Imaging. 2011; 38 (9): 1723–1731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorensen M., Frisch K., Bender D. The potential use of 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-galactose as a PET/CT tracer for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur. J. Nuclear Med. Molec. Imaging. 2011; 38 (9): 1723–1731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pritchard P. H., Vance D. E. Choline metabolism and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 1981; 196: 261–267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pritchard P. H., Vance D. E. Choline metabolism and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 1981; 196: 261–267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ackerstaff E., Glunde K., Bhujwalla Z.M. Choline phospholipid metabolism: a target in cancer cells? J. Cell. Biochem. 2003; 90 (3): 525–533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ackerstaff E., Glunde K., Bhujwalla Z.M. Choline phospholipid metabolism: a target in cancer cells? J. Cell. Biochem. 2003; 90 (3): 525–533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aoyama C., Liao H., Ishidate K. Structure and function of choline kinase isoforms in mammalian cells. Progress Lipid Res. 2004; 43 (3): 266–281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aoyama C., Liao H., Ishidate K. Structure and function of choline kinase isoforms in mammalian cells. Progress Lipid Res. 2004; 43 (3): 266–281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kent C. Regulatory enzymes of phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis: a personal perspective. Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell. Biology of Lipids. 2005; 1733 (1): 53–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kent C. Regulatory enzymes of phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis: a personal perspective. Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell. Biology of Lipids. 2005; 1733 (1): 53–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuang Y., Salem N., Corn D. J. Transport and metabolism of radiolabeled choline in hepatocellular carcinoma. Molec. Pharmaceutics. 2010; 7 (6): 2077–2092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuang Y., Salem N., Corn D. J. Transport and metabolism of radiolabeled choline in hepatocellular carcinoma. Molec. Pharmaceutics. 2010; 7 (6): 2077–2092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ringe K.I., Husarik D.B., Sirlin C.B. Gadoxetate disodium–enhanced MRI of the liver: part 1, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the noncirrhotic liver. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010; 195 (1): 13–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ringe K.I., Husarik D.B., Sirlin C.B. Gadoxetate disodium–enhanced MRI of the liver: part 1, protocol optimization and lesion appearance in the noncirrhotic liver. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010; 195 (1): 13–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jhaveri K., Cleary S., Audet, P., Balaa F. Сonsensus statements from a multidisciplinary expert panel on the utilization and application of a liver-specific MRI contrast agent (gadoxetic acid). Am. J. Roentgenol. 2015; 204 (3): 498–509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jhaveri K., Cleary S., Audet, P., Balaa F. Сonsensus statements from a multidisciplinary expert panel on the utilization and application of a liver-specific MRI contrast agent (gadoxetic acid). Am. J. Roentgenol. 2015; 204 (3): 498–509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
