<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОЛОВА И ШЕЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEAD AND NECK</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамическая контрастная магнитно-резонансная ангиография сосудов головного мозга и перфузионное исследование в диагностике рецидивов опухолей головного мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic-Resonance Angiography of Brain Vessels and Perfusion Imaging of Recurrent Brain Tumor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородин</surname><given-names>Олег Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodin</surname><given-names>Oleg Yurievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">oyborodin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усов</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ussov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yurievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya Aleksandrovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыжова</surname><given-names>Ирина Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pizhova</surname><given-names>Irina Borisovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санников</surname><given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sannikov</surname><given-names>Maksim Yurievich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazanceva</surname><given-names>Elena Vladimirovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжаков</surname><given-names>Василий Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizhakov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy Mihailovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОГАУЗ “Томский областной онкологический диспансер”; ФГБУ “НИИ кардиологии РАН”; ГБОУ ВПО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Regional Oncology Center; Research Institute for Cardiology; Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ “НИИ кардиологии РАН”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОГАУЗ “Томский областной онкологический диспансер”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Regional Oncology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бородин О.Ю., Усов В.Ю., Ермакова А.А., Пыжова И.Б., Санников М.Ю., Казанцева Е.В., Рыжаков В.М., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бородин О.Ю., Усов В.Ю., Ермакова А.А., Пыжова И.Б., Санников М.Ю., Казанцева Е.В., Рыжаков В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borodin O.Y., Ussov V.Y., Ermakova A.A., Pizhova I.B., Sannikov M.Y., Kazanceva E.V., Rizhakov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/282">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценить возможность дифференциальной диагностики прогрессирования и стабилизации опухолевого процесса головного мозга методами динамической контрастной магнитно-резонансной ангиографии (ДК-МРА) и перфузионной МРТ у пациентов после хирургического лечения. Материал и методы. В исследовании участвовало 13 пациентов, записанных на исследование головного мозга с подозрением на рецидив опухолевого заболевания после хирургического вмешательства. Морфологический диагноз: анапластические астроцитомы (G3) - 6, астроцитомы (G2) - 4, анапластическая менингиома - 1, менингиома - 1, киста - 1. При ДК-МРА получали 3 фазы ангиографической картины в режиме 3DFFE: артериальную, венозную и смешанную, толщиной до 1,2 мм в корональной проекции. Оценивали изображения опухолей и гемодинамику на ДК-МР-ангиограммах и перфузионных картах с использованием 3-точечной шкалы. Кроме того, использовали 3-точечную шкалу определения вклада ДК-МРА и PWI в постановку диагноза дополнительно к результатам основного контрастного исследования. Для описания изменений в очагах между изображениями, полученных после первого и второго введения контрастного вещества, использовалась 4-точечная шкала. Результаты. При сравнительной оценке гемодинамики выявлено, что в артериальную и венозную фазу ДК-МРА выявлены значимые различия (р &lt; 0,016), а между венозной и смешанной фазами значимых различий не выявлено (р &gt; 0,06). Между рангами карт перфузии (rCBV, rCBF и rMTT) значимых различий не выявлено, а также не выявлено значимых различий между рангами венозных фаз ДК-МРА и PWI (р &gt; 0,7). Оценка рангов вклада ДК-МРА и PWI в решение о постановке окончательного диагноза показала отсутствие значимых различий между ними (р &gt; 0,7). При сравнительном анализе вклада ДК-МРА в постановку окончательного диагноза относительно результатов контрастного исследования в двойной дозе выявлены значимые различия (р &lt; 0,0003). Выводы. ДК-МРА сосудов головного мозга может рассматриваться в качестве биомаркера неоваскуляризации опухолей, позволяет выявить патологическую сосудистую сеть в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с прогрессированием заболевания и оценить состояние гемодинамики в области оперативного вмешательства при стабилизации процесса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To evaluate the possibility of differential diagnosis of progression and stabilization of brain tumor process by methods of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic-resonance angiography (DCE-MRA) and perfusion MRI in patients after surgical treatment. Materials and methods. The study included 13 patients who were imaged with suspected recurrent tumor disease after surgery. Pathological diagnosis: anaplastic astrocytoma (G3) - 6, astrocytoma (G2) - 4, anaplastic meningeoma - 1, meningioma - 1, cyst - 1. DCE-MRA was performed in 3DFFE imaging technique and in result we got a 3 phase: arterial, venous and equilibrium with slice thickness 1.2 mm. Tumor image and hemodynamics by DCE- MRA imaging and perfusion maps using a 3-point scale were assessed. In addition, it was used three-point scale to determine the contribution PWI and DCE-MRA in addition to the diagnosis of the main results of the contrast study. To describe the changes in the centers of lesions between the images which were obtained after the first and second administration of contrast agent we used a 4-point scale. Results. By comparing evaluation of hemodynamics there were detected significant differences in arterial and venous phase DCE-MRA (p &lt; 0.016), and significant differences between mixed and venous phases were not detected (p &gt; 0.06). Between the ranks of the perfusion maps (rCBV, rCBF and rMTT) there were not found any significant differences, and no differences between the ranks of venous phases DCE-MRA and PWI (p &gt; 0.7). Evaluation of ranks contribution DCE-MRA and pWi for the decision on a definitive diagnosis showed no significant difference between them (p &gt; 0.7). By comparative analysis of DCE-MRA contributions to the final diagnosis on the results of the study in contrasting with double dose there were revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.0003). Conclusion. The DCE-MRA of cerebral vessels can be considered as a biomarker of tumor neovascularization, reveals abnormal vasculature in postoperative patients with progressive disease and assess the state of hemodynamics after surgical intervention during the stabilized process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДК-МРА</kwd><kwd>перфузия</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>опухоли</kwd><kwd>прогрессирование</kwd><kwd>рецидив</kwd><kwd>DCE-MRA</kwd><kwd>perfusion</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>tumor</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd><kwd>relapse</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Т.Н., Трофимов Е.А. Современные стратегии лучевой диагностики при первичных опухолях головного мозга. Практическая онкология. 2013;14 (3): 141-147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Трофимова Т.Н., Трофимов Е.А. Современные стратегии лучевой диагностики при первичных опухолях головного мозга. Практическая онкология. 2013;14 (3): 141-147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aronen H.J., Gazit I.E., Louis D.N. et al. Cerebral blood volume maps of gliomas: comparison with tumor grade and histologic findings. Radiology. 1994; 191 (1): 41-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aronen H.J., Gazit I.E., Louis D.N. et al. Cerebral blood volume maps of gliomas: comparison with tumor grade and histologic findings. Radiology. 1994; 191 (1): 41-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law M. ,Yang S., Wang H. et al. Glioma Grading: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Perfusion MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging Compared with Conventional MR Imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 1989-1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law M. ,Yang S., Wang H. et al. Glioma Grading: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Perfusion MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging Compared with Conventional MR Imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 1989-1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapoor G.S., Gocke T.A., Chawla S. et al. Magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging defines angiogenic subtypes of oligodendroglioma according to 1p19q and EGFR status. J. Neurooncol. 2009; 92 (3): 373-386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapoor G.S., Gocke T.A., Chawla S. et al. Magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging defines angiogenic subtypes of oligodendroglioma according to 1p19q and EGFR status. J. Neurooncol. 2009; 92 (3): 373-386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilario A., Ramos A., Perez-Nuñez A. et al. The added value of ADC to cerebral blood volume in the preoperative grading of diffuse gliomas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2012; 33 (4): 701-707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilario A., Ramos A., Perez-Nuñez A. et al. The added value of ADC to cerebral blood volume in the preoperative grading of diffuse gliomas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2012; 33 (4): 701-707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiroishi M.S., Habibi M., Rajderkar D. et al. Perfusion and permeability MR imaging of gliomas. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 2011; 10 (1): 59-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiroishi M.S., Habibi M., Rajderkar D. et al. Perfusion and permeability MR imaging of gliomas. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 2011; 10 (1): 59-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hakyemez B., Erdogan C., Bolca N. et al. Evaluation of different cerebral mass lesions by perfusion-weighted MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2006; 24 (4): 817-824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hakyemez B., Erdogan C., Bolca N. et al. Evaluation of different cerebral mass lesions by perfusion-weighted MR imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2006; 24 (4): 817-824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law M., Cha S., Knopp E.A. et al. High-grade gliomas and solitary metastases: differentiation by using perfusion and proton spectroscopic MR imaging. Radiology. 2002; 222 (3): 715-721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law M., Cha S., Knopp E.A. et al. High-grade gliomas and solitary metastases: differentiation by using perfusion and proton spectroscopic MR imaging. Radiology. 2002; 222 (3): 715-721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cha S. Perfusion MR imaging of brain tumors. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2004; 15(5): 279-289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cha S. Perfusion MR imaging of brain tumors. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2004; 15(5): 279-289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H.S., Kim J.H., Kim S.H. et. al. Posttreatment highgrade glioma: usefulness of peak height position with semiquantitative MR perfusion histogram analysis in an entire contrast-enhanced lesion for predicting volume fraction of recurrence. Radiology. 2010; 256 (3): 906-915.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H.S., Kim J.H., Kim S.H. et. al. Posttreatment highgrade glioma: usefulness of peak height position with semiquantitative MR perfusion histogram analysis in an entire contrast-enhanced lesion for predicting volume fraction of recurrence. Radiology. 2010; 256 (3): 906-915.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawlani R.N., Raizer J., Horowitz S.W. et al. Glioblastoma: a method for predicting response to antiangiogenic chemotherapy by using MR perfusion imaging-pilot study. Radiology. 2010; 255 (2): 622-628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawlani R.N., Raizer J., Horowitz S.W. et al. Glioblastoma: a method for predicting response to antiangiogenic chemotherapy by using MR perfusion imaging-pilot study. Radiology. 2010; 255 (2): 622-628.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong D.S., Kim S.T., Kim E.H. et. al. Diagnostic dilemma of pseudoprogression in the treatment of new lydiagnosed glioblastomas: the role of assessing relative cerebral bloodflow volume andoxygen-6-methylguanine-DNAmet hyltransferasepromotermethylation status. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2011; 32 (2): 382-387.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong D.S., Kim S.T., Kim E.H. et. al. Diagnostic dilemma of pseudoprogression in the treatment of new lydiagnosed glioblastomas: the role of assessing relative cerebral bloodflow volume andoxygen-6-methylguanine-DNAmet hyltransferasepromotermethylation status. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2011; 32 (2): 382-387.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stark A.M., Nabavi A., Mehdorn H.M. et al. Glioblastoma multiforme-report of 267 cases treated at a single institution. Surg. Neurol. 2005; 63 (2): 162-169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stark A.M., Nabavi A., Mehdorn H.M. et al. Glioblastoma multiforme-report of 267 cases treated at a single institution. Surg. Neurol. 2005; 63 (2): 162-169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Law M., Oh S., Babb J.S. et al. Low-grade gliomas: dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging - prediction of patient clinical response. Radiology. 2006; 238 (2): 658-667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Law M., Oh S., Babb J.S. et al. Low-grade gliomas: dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging - prediction of patient clinical response. Radiology. 2006; 238 (2): 658-667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cha S., Tihan T., Crawford F. et al. Differentiation of low grade oligodendrogliomas from low-grade astrocytomas by using quantitative blood-volume measurements derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2005; 26: 266-273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cha S., Tihan T., Crawford F. et al. Differentiation of low grade oligodendrogliomas from low-grade astrocytomas by using quantitative blood-volume measurements derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2005; 26: 266-273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lev M.H., Ozsunar Y., Henson J.W. et al. Glial tumor grading and outcome prediction using dynamic spin-echo MR susceptibility mapping compared with conventional contrast-enhanced MR: confounding effect of elevated rCBV of oligodendroglimoas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2004; 25: 214-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lev M.H., Ozsunar Y., Henson J.W. et al. Glial tumor grading and outcome prediction using dynamic spin-echo MR susceptibility mapping compared with conventional contrast-enhanced MR: confounding effect of elevated rCBV of oligodendroglimoas. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2004; 25: 214-221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bisdas S., Kirkpatrick M., Giglio P. et al. Cerebral blood volume measurements by perfusion-weighted MR imaging in gliomas: ready for prime time in predicting short-term outcome and recurrent disease? Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2009; 30: 681-688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bisdas S., Kirkpatrick M., Giglio P. et al. Cerebral blood volume measurements by perfusion-weighted MR imaging in gliomas: ready for prime time in predicting short-term outcome and recurrent disease? Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2009; 30: 681-688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michaely H.J., Herrmann K.A., Dietrich O. et al. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of vascularization and hemodynamics in head and neck tumors with a 3D magnetic resonance time-resolved echo-shared angiographic technique (TREAT): initial results. Eur. Radiol. 2007; 17: 1101-1110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michaely H.J., Herrmann K.A., Dietrich O. et al. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of vascularization and hemodynamics in head and neck tumors with a 3D magnetic resonance time-resolved echo-shared angiographic technique (TREAT): initial results. Eur. Radiol. 2007; 17: 1101-1110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neves F., Huwart L., Jourdan G. et al. Head and neck paragangliomas: value of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008;29: 833-839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neves F., Huwart L., Jourdan G. et al. Head and neck paragangliomas: value of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2008;29: 833-839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородин О.Ю. Сравнительный анализ возможностей динамической контрастной (3DFFE) и времяпролетной (3DTOF) магнитно-резонансной ангиографии в диагностике аневризм и мальформаций сосудов головного мозга. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2011; 26 (31): 87-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бородин О.Ю. Сравнительный анализ возможностей динамической контрастной (3DFFE) и времяпролетной (3DTOF) магнитно-резонансной ангиографии в диагностике аневризм и мальформаций сосудов головного мозга. Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2011; 26 (31): 87-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бородин О.Ю., Белянин М.Л., Филимонов В.Д. и др. Способ контрастированной магнитно-резонансной ангиографии сосудов головного мозга. Патент на изобретение RUS 2546092 от 20.12.2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бородин О.Ю., Белянин М.Л., Филимонов В.Д. и др. Способ контрастированной магнитно-резонансной ангиографии сосудов головного мозга. Патент на изобретение RUS 2546092 от 20.12.2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wesseling P., van der Laak J.A., Link M. et. al. Quantitative analysis of microvascular changes in diffuse astrocytic neoplasms with increasing grade of malignancy. Hum. Pathol. 1998; 29: 352-358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wesseling P., van der Laak J.A., Link M. et. al. Quantitative analysis of microvascular changes in diffuse astrocytic neoplasms with increasing grade of malignancy. Hum. Pathol. 1998; 29: 352-358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preusser M., Heinzl H., Gelpi E. et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Histopathologic assessment of hot-spot microvessel density and vascular patterns in glioblastoma: Poor observer agreement limits clinical utility as prognostic factors: a translational research project of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Cancer. 2006; 107:162-170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preusser M., Heinzl H., Gelpi E. et al. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Histopathologic assessment of hot-spot microvessel density and vascular patterns in glioblastoma: Poor observer agreement limits clinical utility as prognostic factors: a translational research project of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. Cancer. 2006; 107:162-170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russell S.M., Elliott R., Forshaw D. et. al. Glioma vascularity correlates with reduced patient survival and increased malignancy. Surg. Neurol. 2009; 72:242-246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russell S.M., Elliott R., Forshaw D. et. al. Glioma vascularity correlates with reduced patient survival and increased malignancy. Surg. Neurol. 2009; 72:242-246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wetzel S.G., Cha S., Law M. et al. Preoperative assessment of intracranial tumors with perfusion MR and a volumetric interpolated examination: a comparative study with DSA. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002; 23: 1767-1774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wetzel S.G., Cha S., Law M. et al. Preoperative assessment of intracranial tumors with perfusion MR and a volumetric interpolated examination: a comparative study with DSA. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002; 23: 1767-1774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam W.W., Chan K.W., Wong W.L. et al. Pre-operative grading of intracranial glioma. Acta Radiol. 2001; 42: 548-554.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam W.W., Chan K.W., Wong W.L. et al. Pre-operative grading of intracranial glioma. Acta Radiol. 2001; 42: 548-554.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S.J., Kim J.H., Kim Y.M. et al. Perfusion MR imaging in gliomas: comparison with histologic tumor grade. Korean J. Radiol. 2001; 2: 1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee S.J., Kim J.H., Kim Y.M. et al. Perfusion MR imaging in gliomas: comparison with histologic tumor grade. Korean J. Radiol. 2001; 2: 1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puig J., Blasco G., Daunis-i-Estadella J. et al. Highresolution blood-pool-contrast-enhanced MR angiography in glioblastoma: tumor-associated neo vascularization as a biomarker for patient survival. A preliminary study. Neuroradiology. 2016; 58 (1): 17-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puig J., Blasco G., Daunis-i-Estadella J. et al. Highresolution blood-pool-contrast-enhanced MR angiography in glioblastoma: tumor-associated neo vascularization as a biomarker for patient survival. A preliminary study. Neuroradiology. 2016; 58 (1): 17-26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
