medvisМедицинская визуализацияMedical Visualization1607-07632408-9516RDS-Media Ltd.medvis-236Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGYПосмертная магнитно-резонансная томография плодов и новорожденныхPostmortem Magnetic Resonance Tomography of Fetuses and NewbornsТумановаУльяна НиколаевнаTumanovaUlyana Nikolaevnau.n.tumanova@gmail.comЩёголевАлександр ИвановичShchyogolevAleksandr Ivanovichnoemail@neicon.ruФГБУ “Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова” Минздрава РоссииРоссияAcademician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and PerinatologyRussian Federation20152810201505128136Copyright © Туманова У.Н., Щёголев А.И., 20152015Туманова У.Н., Щёголев А.И.Tumanova U.N., Shchyogolev A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/236

Приведены данные литературы о применении магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) для выявления патологических процессов у погибших плодов и умерших новорожденных. Показано, что выполнение посмертной МРТ позволяет провести объективный и четкий анализ патологических процессов с возможностью их документации и последующего анализа. Наиболее высокие показатели чувствительности и специфичности МРТ отмечаются при выявлении поражений головного и спинного мозга. Нередко результаты МРТ-исследования превосходят данные традиционной аутопсии. Отмечено, что посмертная МРТ не может являться альтернативой патологоанатомического вскрытия, поскольку не позволяет проводить гистологическое, микробиологическое и молекулярно-генетическое исследования образцов тканей и органов. МРТ должна использоваться как дополнение к патологоанатомическому исследованию, в том числе в качестве своеобразного гида для лучшего выявления патологии во время аутопсии.

Given the literature data on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of pathological processes in the dead fetuses and dead newborns. It is shown that the implementation of postmortem MRI allows to an objective and clear analysis of the pathological processes with their documentation and subsequent analysis. The highest indices of sensitivity and specificity of MRI were observed in the detection of lesions of the brain and spinal cord. Often the results of the MRI studies are superior to traditional autopsy data. It is noted that postmortem MRI cannot be the alternative for conducting autopsies, since it does not allow for histological, microbiological and molecular-genetic study of tissue samples and organs. MRI should be used as a complement to pathology examination, including as a kind of guide for better detection of pathology during autopsy.

аутопсиямагнитно-резонансная томографияплодноворожденныйautopsypostmortem magnetic resonance imagingfetusnewbornReferencesМишнев О.Д., Кравченко Э.В., Трусов О.А., Щеголев А.И. Показатели работы патологоанатомической службы взрослой сети лечебно-профилактических учреждений Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации в 2000-2004 гг. М., 2004. 100 с.Мишнев О.Д., Кравченко Э.В., Трусов О.А., Щеголев А.И. Показатели работы патологоанатомической службы взрослой сети лечебно-профилактических учреждений Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации в 2000-2004 гг. М., 2004. 100 с.Shojania K.G., Burton E.C. The vanishing nonforensic autopsy. New Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 873-875.Shojania K.G., Burton E.C. The vanishing nonforensic autopsy. New Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 873-875.Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn T., van Rijn R.R. Current techniques in postmortem imaging with specific attention to paediatric applications. Pediatr. Radiol. 2010; 40: 141-152.Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn T., van Rijn R.R. Current techniques in postmortem imaging with specific attention to paediatric applications. Pediatr. Radiol. 2010; 40: 141-152.Arthurs O.J., van Rijn R.R., Sebire N.J. Current status of paediatric post-mortem imaging: an ESPR questionnairebased survey. Pediatr. Radiol. 2014; 44: 244-251.Arthurs O.J., van Rijn R.R., Sebire N.J. Current status of paediatric post-mortem imaging: an ESPR questionnairebased survey. Pediatr. Radiol. 2014; 44: 244-251.Olsen O.E. Radiography following perinatal death: a review. Acta Radiol. 2006; 47: 91-99.Olsen O.E. Radiography following perinatal death: a review. Acta Radiol. 2006; 47: 91-99.Myers J.C., Okoye M.I., Kiple D. et al. Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging in post-mortem examinations: elucidation and identification of cranial and facial fractures in victims of homicide utilizing 3-D computerized imaging reconstruction techniques. Int. J. Legal. Med. 1999; 113: 33-37.Myers J.C., Okoye M.I., Kiple D. et al. Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging in post-mortem examinations: elucidation and identification of cranial and facial fractures in victims of homicide utilizing 3-D computerized imaging reconstruction techniques. Int. J. Legal. Med. 1999; 113: 33-37.Туманова У.Н., Федосеева В.К., Ляпин В.М. и др. Посмертная компьютерная томография мертворожденных с костной патологией. Медицинская визуализация. 2013; 5: 110-120.Туманова У.Н., Федосеева В.К., Ляпин В.М. и др. Посмертная компьютерная томография мертворожденных с костной патологией. Медицинская визуализация. 2013; 5: 110-120.Sakurai T., Michiue T., Ishikawa T. et al. Postmortem CT investigation of skeletal and dental maturation of the fetuses and newborn infants: a serial case study. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2012; 8: 351-357.Sakurai T., Michiue T., Ishikawa T. et al. Postmortem CT investigation of skeletal and dental maturation of the fetuses and newborn infants: a serial case study. Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. 2012; 8: 351-357.Hamano J., Shiotani S., Yamazaki K. et al. Postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) demonstration of fatal hemoptysis by pulmonary tuberculosis - radiological-pathological correlation in a case of rupture of Rasmussen’s aneurysm. Radiat. Med. 2004; 22: 120-122.Hamano J., Shiotani S., Yamazaki K. et al. Postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) demonstration of fatal hemoptysis by pulmonary tuberculosis - radiological-pathological correlation in a case of rupture of Rasmussen’s aneurysm. Radiat. Med. 2004; 22: 120-122.Tumanova U.N., Fedoseeva V.K., Liapin V.M. et al. Opportunities postmortem multislice computer tomography. Pathology. J. Royal Coll. Pathol. Australia. 2014; 46 (S. 2): 77.Tumanova U.N., Fedoseeva V.K., Liapin V.M. et al. Opportunities postmortem multislice computer tomography. Pathology. J. Royal Coll. Pathol. Australia. 2014; 46 (S. 2): 77.Ros P.R., Li K.C., Vo P. et al. Preautopsy magnetic resonance imaging: initial experience. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1990; 8: 303-308.Ros P.R., Li K.C., Vo P. et al. Preautopsy magnetic resonance imaging: initial experience. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1990; 8: 303-308.Roberts M.D., Lange R.C., McCarthy S.M. Fetal anatomy with magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1995; 13: 645-649.Roberts M.D., Lange R.C., McCarthy S.M. Fetal anatomy with magnetic resonance imaging. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 1995; 13: 645-649.Brookes J.A.S., Hall-Craggs M.A., Sams V.R., Lees W.R. Non-invasive perinatal necropsy by magnetic resonance imaging. Lancet. 1996; 348: 1139-1141.Brookes J.A.S., Hall-Craggs M.A., Sams V.R., Lees W.R. Non-invasive perinatal necropsy by magnetic resonance imaging. Lancet. 1996; 348: 1139-1141.Sebire N.J., Miller S., Jacques T.S. et al. Post-mortem apparent resolution of fetal ventriculomegaly: evidence from magnetic resonance imaging. Prenat. Diagn. 2013; 33: 360-364.Sebire N.J., Miller S., Jacques T.S. et al. Post-mortem apparent resolution of fetal ventriculomegaly: evidence from magnetic resonance imaging. Prenat. Diagn. 2013; 33: 360-364.Griffiths P.D., Variend D., Evans M. et al. Postmortem MR imaging of the fetal and stillborn central nervous system. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 22-27.Griffiths P.D., Variend D., Evans M. et al. Postmortem MR imaging of the fetal and stillborn central nervous system. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2003; 24: 22-27.Whitby E.H., Paley M.N., Cohen M., Griffiths P.D. Postmortem fetal MRI: What do we learn from it? Europ. J. Radiol. 2006; 57: 250-255.Whitby E.H., Paley M.N., Cohen M., Griffiths P.D. Postmortem fetal MRI: What do we learn from it? Europ. J. Radiol. 2006; 57: 250-255.Griffiths P.D., Wilkinson I.D., Variend S. et al. Differential growth rates of the cerebellum and posterior fossa assessed by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging of the fetus: implications for the pathogenesis of the Chiari 2 deformity. Acta Radiol. 2004; 45: 236-242.Griffiths P.D., Wilkinson I.D., Variend S. et al. Differential growth rates of the cerebellum and posterior fossa assessed by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging of the fetus: implications for the pathogenesis of the Chiari 2 deformity. Acta Radiol. 2004; 45: 236-242.Jackowski C., Schweitzer W., Thali M. et al. Virtopsy: postmortem imaging of the human heart in situ using MSCT and MRI. Forensic. Sci. Int. 2005; 149: 11-23.Jackowski C., Schweitzer W., Thali M. et al. Virtopsy: postmortem imaging of the human heart in situ using MSCT and MRI. Forensic. Sci. Int. 2005; 149: 11-23.Коков Л.С., Кинле А.Ф., Синицын В.Е., Филимонов Б.А. Возможности компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии в судебно-медицинской экспертизе механической травмы и скоропостижной смерти (обзор литературы). Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского. Неотложная медицинская помощь. 2015; 2: 16-26.Коков Л.С., Кинле А.Ф., Синицын В.Е., Филимонов Б.А. Возможности компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии в судебно-медицинской экспертизе механической травмы и скоропостижной смерти (обзор литературы). Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского. Неотложная медицинская помощь. 2015; 2: 16-26.Pinar H., Tatevosyants N., Singer D.B. Central nervous system malformations in a perinatal/neonatal autopsy series. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 1998; 1: 42-48.Pinar H., Tatevosyants N., Singer D.B. Central nervous system malformations in a perinatal/neonatal autopsy series. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 1998; 1: 42-48.Huisman T.A. Magnetic resonance imaging: an alternative to autopsy in neonatal death? Semin. Neonatol. 2004; 9: 347-353.Huisman T.A. Magnetic resonance imaging: an alternative to autopsy in neonatal death? Semin. Neonatol. 2004; 9: 347-353.Alderliesten M.E., Peringa J., van der Hulst V.P.M. et al. Perinatal mortality: clinical value of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging compared with autopsy in routine obstetric practice. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2003; 110: 378-382.Alderliesten M.E., Peringa J., van der Hulst V.P.M. et al. Perinatal mortality: clinical value of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging compared with autopsy in routine obstetric practice. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2003; 110: 378-382.Breeze A.C., Jessop F.A., Set P.A. et al. Minimally-invasive fetal autopsy using magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous organ biopsies: clinical value and comparison to conventional autopsy. Ultrasound. Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 37: 317-323.Breeze A.C., Jessop F.A., Set P.A. et al. Minimally-invasive fetal autopsy using magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous organ biopsies: clinical value and comparison to conventional autopsy. Ultrasound. Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 37: 317-323.Mühler M.R., Rake A., Schwabe M. et al. Truncus arteriosus communis in a midtrimester fetus: comparison of prenatal ultrasound and MRI with postmortem MRI and autopsy. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14: 2120-2124.Mühler M.R., Rake A., Schwabe M. et al. Truncus arteriosus communis in a midtrimester fetus: comparison of prenatal ultrasound and MRI with postmortem MRI and autopsy. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14: 2120-2124.Grant E.K., Evans M.J. Cardiac findings in fetal and pediatric autopsies: a five-year retrospective review. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2009; 12: 103-110.Grant E.K., Evans M.J. Cardiac findings in fetal and pediatric autopsies: a five-year retrospective review. Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2009; 12: 103-110.Dancea A., Cote A., Rohlicek C. et al. Cardiac pathology in sudden unexpected infant death. J. Pediatr. 2002; 141: 336-342.Dancea A., Cote A., Rohlicek C. et al. Cardiac pathology in sudden unexpected infant death. J. Pediatr. 2002; 141: 336-342.Tegnander E., Williams W., Johansen O.J. et al. Prenatal detection of heart defects in a non-selected population of 30,149 fetuses - detection rates and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2006; 27: 252-265.Tegnander E., Williams W., Johansen O.J. et al. Prenatal detection of heart defects in a non-selected population of 30,149 fetuses - detection rates and outcome. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2006; 27: 252-265.Byard R.W. Unexpected infant death: occult cardiac disease and sudden infant death syndrome - how much of an overlap is there? J. Pediatr. 2002; 141: 303-305.Byard R.W. Unexpected infant death: occult cardiac disease and sudden infant death syndrome - how much of an overlap is there? J. Pediatr. 2002; 141: 303-305.Taylor A.M., Arthurs O.J., Sebire N.J. Postmortem cardiac imaging in fetuses and children. Pediatr. Radiol. 2015; 45: 549-555.Taylor A.M., Arthurs O.J., Sebire N.J. Postmortem cardiac imaging in fetuses and children. Pediatr. Radiol. 2015; 45: 549-555.Thayyil S., Sebire N.J., Chitty L.S. et al. Post-mortem MRI versus conventional autopsy in fetuses and children: a prospective validation study. Lancet. 2013; 382: 223-233.Thayyil S., Sebire N.J., Chitty L.S. et al. Post-mortem MRI versus conventional autopsy in fetuses and children: a prospective validation study. Lancet. 2013; 382: 223-233.Taylor A.M., Sebire N.J., Ashworth M.T. et al. Postmortem Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fetuses and Children: A Masked Comparison Study With Conventional Autopsy. Circulation. 2014; 129: 1937-1944.Taylor A.M., Sebire N.J., Ashworth M.T. et al. Postmortem Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Fetuses and Children: A Masked Comparison Study With Conventional Autopsy. Circulation. 2014; 129: 1937-1944.Sandaite I., Dymarkowski S., De Catte L. et al. Fetal heart pathology on postmortem 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Prenat. Diagn. 2014; 34: 223-229.Sandaite I., Dymarkowski S., De Catte L. et al. Fetal heart pathology on postmortem 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Prenat. Diagn. 2014; 34: 223-229.Votino C., Jani J., Verhoye M. et al. Postmortem examination of human fetal hearts at or below 20 weeks’ gestation: a comparison of high-field MRI at 9.4T with lower-field MRI magnets and stereomicroscopic autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 40: 437-444.Votino C., Jani J., Verhoye M. et al. Postmortem examination of human fetal hearts at or below 20 weeks’ gestation: a comparison of high-field MRI at 9.4T with lower-field MRI magnets and stereomicroscopic autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 40: 437-444.Thayyil S., Cleary J.O., Sebire N.J. et al. Post-mortem examination of human fetuses: a comparison ofwholebody high-field MRI at 9.4T with conventional MRI and invasive autopsy. Lancet. 2009; 374: 467-475.Thayyil S., Cleary J.O., Sebire N.J. et al. Post-mortem examination of human fetuses: a comparison ofwholebody high-field MRI at 9.4T with conventional MRI and invasive autopsy. Lancet. 2009; 374: 467-475.Jackowski C., Thali M., Aghayev E. et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2006; 120: 233-240.Jackowski C., Thali M., Aghayev E. et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2006; 120: 233-240.Roberts I.S., Benbow E.W., Bisset R. et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in determining cause of sudden death in adults: comparison with conventional autopsy. Histopathology. 2003; 42: 424-430.Roberts I.S., Benbow E.W., Bisset R. et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in determining cause of sudden death in adults: comparison with conventional autopsy. Histopathology. 2003; 42: 424-430.Jackowski C., Thali M., Aghayev E. et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2006; 120: 233-240.Jackowski C., Thali M., Aghayev E. et al. Postmortem imaging of blood and its characteristics using MSCT and MRI. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2006; 120: 233-240.Barkhausen J., Hunold P., Eggebrecht H. et al. Detection and characterization of intracardiac thrombi on MR imaging. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 179: 1539-1544.Barkhausen J., Hunold P., Eggebrecht H. et al. Detection and characterization of intracardiac thrombi on MR imaging. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2002; 179: 1539-1544.Imaizumi T., Chiba M., Honma T., Niwa J. Detection of hemosiderin deposition by T2*-weighted MRI after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003; 34: 1693-1698.Imaizumi T., Chiba M., Honma T., Niwa J. Detection of hemosiderin deposition by T2*-weighted MRI after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003; 34: 1693-1698.Breeze A.C., Cross J.J., Hackett G.A. et al. Use of a confidence scale in reporting postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2006; 28: 918-924.Breeze A.C., Cross J.J., Hackett G.A. et al. Use of a confidence scale in reporting postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2006; 28: 918-924.Arthurs O.J., Thayyil S., Olsen O.E. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem MRI for thoracic abnormalities in fetuses and children. Eur. Radiol. 2014; 24: 2876-2884.Arthurs O.J., Thayyil S., Olsen O.E. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem MRI for thoracic abnormalities in fetuses and children. Eur. Radiol. 2014; 24: 2876-2884.Sebire N.J., Weber M.A., Thayyil S. et al. Minimally invasive perinatal autopsies using magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic postmortem examination (“keyhole autopsy”): feasibility and initial experience. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2012; 25: 513-518.Sebire N.J., Weber M.A., Thayyil S. et al. Minimally invasive perinatal autopsies using magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic postmortem examination (“keyhole autopsy”): feasibility and initial experience. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2012; 25: 513-518.Туманова У.Н., Быченко В.Г., Ляпин В.М. и др. Врожденная диафрагмальная грыжа у новорожденного: МРТ - патоморфологические сопоставления. Медицинская визуализация. 2014; 8: 72-83.Туманова У.Н., Быченко В.Г., Ляпин В.М. и др. Врожденная диафрагмальная грыжа у новорожденного: МРТ - патоморфологические сопоставления. Медицинская визуализация. 2014; 8: 72-83.Barber J.L. Sebire N.J., Chitty L.S. et al. Lung aeration on post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging is a useful marker of live birth versus stillbirth. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2015; 129: 531-536.Barber J.L. Sebire N.J., Chitty L.S. et al. Lung aeration on post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging is a useful marker of live birth versus stillbirth. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2015; 129: 531-536.Woodward P.J., Sohaey R., Sams V.R., Brookes J.A.S. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to perinatal autopsy for renal-tract abnormalities. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal. Neonatal. 2007; 92: F215-F218.Woodward P.J., Sohaey R., Sams V.R., Brookes J.A.S. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging as an adjunct to perinatal autopsy for renal-tract abnormalities. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal. Neonatal. 2007; 92: F215-F218.Thayyil S., Chandrasekaran M., Chitty L.S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses, children and adults: a systematic review. Eur. J. Radiol. 2010; 75: e142-e148.Thayyil S., Chandrasekaran M., Chitty L.S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses, children and adults: a systematic review. Eur. J. Radiol. 2010; 75: e142-e148.Arthurs O.J., Thayyil S., Owens C.M. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post mortem MRI for abdominal abnormalities in foetuses and children. Eur. J. Radiol. 2015; 84: 474-481.Arthurs O.J., Thayyil S., Owens C.M. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of post mortem MRI for abdominal abnormalities in foetuses and children. Eur. J. Radiol. 2015; 84: 474-481.Федосеева В.К., Туманова У.Н., Ляпин В.М. и др. Посмертная лучевая диагностика мертворожденных и умерших новорожденных. Невский радиологический форум-2014; Под ред. А.Ю. Васильева. СПб.: ЭЛБИСПб., 2014: 304-305.Федосеева В.К., Туманова У.Н., Ляпин В.М. и др. Посмертная лучевая диагностика мертворожденных и умерших новорожденных. Невский радиологический форум-2014; Под ред. А.Ю. Васильева. СПб.: ЭЛБИСПб., 2014: 304-305.Lally P.J., Arthurs O., Addison S. et al. Estimating maceration severity using whole body magnetic resonance T2 relaxometry. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal. Neonatal. 2014; 99 (Suppl. 1): A92-A93.Lally P.J., Arthurs O., Addison S. et al. Estimating maceration severity using whole body magnetic resonance T2 relaxometry. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal. Neonatal. 2014; 99 (Suppl. 1): A92-A93.Tumanova U., Lyapin V., Voevodin S. et al. PostmortemMRI todetermine the time of intra uterine fetal death. Virchows Arch. 2015; 467 (S. 1): 27.Tumanova U., Lyapin V., Voevodin S. et al. PostmortemMRI todetermine the time of intra uterine fetal death. Virchows Arch. 2015; 467 (S. 1): 27.Votino C., Verhoye M., Segers V. et al. Fetal organ weight estimation by postmortem high-field magnetic resonance imaging before 20 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 39: 673-678.Votino C., Verhoye M., Segers V. et al. Fetal organ weight estimation by postmortem high-field magnetic resonance imaging before 20 weeks’ gestation. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 39: 673-678.Thayyil S., Schievanoa S., Robertson N.J. et al. A semiautomated method for non-invasive internal organ weight estimation by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses, newborns and children. Eur. J. Radiol. 2009; 72: 321-326.Thayyil S., Schievanoa S., Robertson N.J. et al. A semiautomated method for non-invasive internal organ weight estimation by post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in fetuses, newborns and children. Eur. J. Radiol. 2009; 72: 321-326.Votino C., Jani J., Verhoye M. et al. Postmortem examination of human fetal hearts at or below 20 weeks’ gestation: a comparison of high-field MRI at 9.4 T with lower-field MRI magnets and stereomicroscopic autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 40: 437-444.Votino C., Jani J., Verhoye M. et al. Postmortem examination of human fetal hearts at or below 20 weeks’ gestation: a comparison of high-field MRI at 9.4 T with lower-field MRI magnets and stereomicroscopic autopsy. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2012; 40: 437-444.Щеголев А.И., Туманова У.Н. Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии в определении танатогенеза. Криминалистика: прошлое, настоящее, будущее: достижения и перспективы развития. М.: Академия Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, 2014: 369-372.Щеголев А.И., Туманова У.Н. Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии в определении танатогенеза. Криминалистика: прошлое, настоящее, будущее: достижения и перспективы развития. М.: Академия Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, 2014: 369-372.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.