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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-1634</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-1634</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Радиомика и технологии искусственного интеллекта</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Radiomics and artificial intelligence technologies</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение AR-технологии как метода прокторинга и навигации при выполнении оперативных вмешательств: экспериментальное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of AR technology as a method of proctoring and navigation during surgical interventions: an experimental study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-4752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коновалов Антон Николаевич – канд. мед. наук, врач-нейрохирург, научный сотрудник ФГАУ “НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории носимых биосовместимых устройств и бионических протезов ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-4752" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-4752</ext-link>E-mail: ANKonovalov@nsi.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton N. Konovalov – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), neurosurgeon, research fellow, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery;senior research fellow at the laboratory of wearable biocompatible devices and bionic Prostheses, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-4752" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-4752</ext-link>E-mail: ANKonovalov@nsi.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ANKonovalov@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-5624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окишев</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okishev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Окишев Дмитрий Николаевич – канд. мед. наук, врач-нейрохирург, научный сотрудник ФГАУ “НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России, Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-5624" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-5624</ext-link>E-mail: dokishev@nsi.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Okishev – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), neurosurgeon, research fellow, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-5624" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-5624</ext-link>E-mail: dokishev@nsi.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dokishev@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенев</surname><given-names>Ф. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenev</surname><given-names>F. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребенев Фёдор Вячеславович – врач-нейрохирург ФГАУ “НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России, Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7804" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7804</ext-link>e-mail: FGrebenev@nsi.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fyodor V. Grebenev – neurosurgeon, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7804" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7804</ext-link>e-mail: FGrebenev@nsi.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">FGrebenev@nsi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемьев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artemyev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артемьев Антон Алексеевич – ординатор ФГАУ “НМИЦ нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России, Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7997" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7997</ext-link>e-mail: antonartemev13@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Artemyev – resident, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7997" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-7997</ext-link>E-mail: antonartemev13@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonartemev13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1321-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абзалов</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abzalov</surname><given-names>T. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абзалов Тимур Юрьевич – студент ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1321-563X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1321-563X</ext-link>e-mail: timurabzalov2002@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur Yu. Abzalov – student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1321-563X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1321-563X</ext-link>E-mail: timurabzalov2002@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timurabzalov2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9584-5865</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерохин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erokhin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерохин Иван Алексеевич – студент ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9584-5865" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9584-5865</ext-link>E-mail: iaerokhin.03@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Erokhin – student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9584-5865" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9584-5865</ext-link>e-mail: iaerokhin.03@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iaerokhin.03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4784-5640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеева София Станиславовна – студент ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4784-5640" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4784-5640</ext-link>e-mail: sophisergeeva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia S. Sergeeva – student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4784-5640" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4784-5640</ext-link>e-mail: sophisergeeva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sophisergeeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2024-7936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилковыский</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilkovyskii</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вилковыский Юрий Федорович – студент   ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2024-7936" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2024-7936</ext-link>e-mail: yuven204@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iurii F. Vilkovyskii – student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2024-7936" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2024-7936</ext-link>e-mail: yuven204@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuven204@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0387-0768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофеева Екатерина Юрьевна – ординатор ФГБУ “НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России, Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0387-0768" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0387-0768</ext-link>e-mail: Katetimofeeva_04@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Timofeeva – resident, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0387-0768" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0387-0768</ext-link>E-mail: Katetimofeeva_04@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Katetimofeeva_04@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-7404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормилицына</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormilitsyna</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кормилицына Анастасия Алексеевна – студент ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-7404" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-7404</ext-link>E-mail: anastasiakor02@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kormilitsyna – student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-7404" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5375-7404</ext-link>E-mail: anastasiakor02@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasiakor02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Владимир Михайлович – д-р физ.-мат. наук, проф., профессор Высшей школы теоретической механики и математической физики ФГАОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого», Санкт-Петербург<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2718" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2718</ext-link>E-mail: voliva@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Ivanov – Dr. of Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Professor, Higher School of Theoretical Mechanics and Mathematical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2718" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-2718</ext-link>E-mail: voliva@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voliva@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России; &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; &#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО “Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>1634</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коновалов А.Н., Окишев Д.Н., Гребенев Ф.В., Артемьев А.А., Абзалов Т.Ю., Ерохин И.А., Сергеева С.С., Вилковыский Ю.Ф., Тимофеева Е.Ю., Кормилицына А.А., Иванов В.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коновалов А.Н., Окишев Д.Н., Гребенев Ф.В., Артемьев А.А., Абзалов Т.Ю., Ерохин И.А., Сергеева С.С., Вилковыский Ю.Ф., Тимофеева Е.Ю., Кормилицына А.А., Иванов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konovalov A.N., Okishev D.N., Grebenev F.V., Artemyev A.A., Abzalov T.Y., Erokhin I.A., Sergeeva S.D., Vilkovyskii I.F., Timofeeva E.Y., Kormilitsyna A.A., Ivanov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1634">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1634</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Технологии дополненной реальности (AR) активно внедряются в медицину, в том числе в нейрохирургию, в которой их применение способно повысить точность и безопасность операций, эффективность обучения. AR-навигация и телепрокторинг способны минимизировать риски, сократить время вмешательств и улучшить доступность специализированной помощи в регионах.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка эффективности AR-технологий для нейронавигации, телепрокторинга и обучения неопытных хирургов на животных моделях, а также имитации базовых нейрохирургических манипуляций (люмбальная пункция).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование на лабораторных животных: 10 крысах и 1 баране. Использованы AR-очки Microsoft Hololens 2 и приложение Medgital Vision. 10 крысам был осуществлен доступ к аорте и сонным артериям (5 – использованием AR-навигации, 5 – без нее). Барану было проведено наложение экстра-интракраниального анастомоза под руководством хирурга с помощью AR-прокторинга, для которого применялся Google Meet. Также проведена имитация люмбальной пункции с наложением КТ-данных пациента на тело участника.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Применение AR позволило уменьшить время операции и размер доступа. Удаленный прокторинг показал себя как эффективный способ обучения и консультации во время операции. При имитации люмбальной пункции проекция анатомических ориентиров была правильно спроецирована на тело пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. AR-технологии продемонстрировали высокую эффективность для нейронавигации, телепрокторинга и обучения. Их внедрение в клиническую практику может повысить безопасность операций, сократить время вмешательств и расширить возможности дистанционного взаимодействия специалистов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Augmented reality (AR) technologies are being actively integrated into medicine, including neurosurgery, where their application can enhance the accuracy and safety of operations and improve training effectiveness. AR navigation and teleproctoring have the potential to minimize risks, reduce intervention time, and improve access to specialized care in remote regions.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of AR technologies for neuronavigation, teleproctoring, and training inexperienced surgeons using animal models, as well as simulating basic neurosurgical procedures (lumbar puncture).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted on laboratory animals: 10 rats and 1 sheep. Microsoft Hololens 2 AR glasses and the Medgital Vision application were used. Access to the aorta and carotid arteries was performed on 10 rats (5 with AR navigation, 5 without). An extracranial-intracranial anastomosis was performed on the sheep under AR-guided teleproctoring via Google Meet. Additionally, a lumbar puncture simulation was conducted by projecting patient CT data onto a participant’s body.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The use of AR reduced operation time and incision size. Remote teleproctoring proved effective for intraoperative training and consultation. In the lumbar puncture simulation, anatomical landmarks were accurately projected onto the participant’s body.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. AR technologies demonstrated high efficacy for neuronavigation, teleproctoring, and training. Their implementation in clinical practice could enhance surgical safety, reduce intervention time, and expand opportunities for remote collaboration among specialists.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дополненная реальность (AR)</kwd><kwd>нейрохирургия</kwd><kwd>нейроонкология</kwd><kwd>HoloLens 2</kwd><kwd>телепрокторинг</kwd><kwd>навигация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>: augmented reality (AR)</kwd><kwd>neurosurgery</kwd><kwd>neurooncology</kwd><kwd>HoloLens 2</kwd><kwd>teleproctoring</kwd><kwd>navigation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения плана НИР по гранту РНФ “Внедрение технологий виртуальной и дополненной реальности в нейрохирургическую практику” (№ 23-75-01019).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared as part of the research plan for the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant "Implementation of virtual and augmented reality technologies in neurosurgical practice" (No. 23-75-01019).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литература:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">References:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olexa J. 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