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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-1565</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-1565</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диабетическая фетопатия – патогенез, прогнозирование, перинатальные и неонатальные исходы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diabetic fetopathy – pathogenesis, prognosis, perinatal and neonatal outcomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9576-666X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимина</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimina</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зимина Наталья Даниловна – ассистент мультипрофильного аккредитационно-­симуляционного центра ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России; врач ультразвуковой диагностики ОГАУЗ “Областной перинатальный центр им. И.Д. Евтушенко”, Томск<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9576-666X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9576-666X</ext-link>E-mail: falloutgerl@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia D. Zimina – Assistant, Multidisciplinary Accreditation and Simulation Center, Siberian State Medical University; ultrasound diagnostics doctor, I.D. Yevtushenko Regional Perinatal Center, Tomsk<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9576-666X" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9576-666X</ext-link>E-mail: falloutgerl@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">falloutgerl@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-3393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Светлана Викторовна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, заведующая отделением – врач ультразвуковой диагностики ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России, Томск<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-3393" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-3393</ext-link>e-mail: statfom@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Fomina – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Radiation Therapy, Head of the Department – Doctor of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-3393" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-3393</ext-link>E-mail: statfom@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">statfom@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мицеля</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitselya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мицеля Елена Вадимовна – аспирант кафедры педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России; врач-эндокринолог ОГАУЗ “Областной перинатальный центр им. И.Д. Евтушенко”, Томск<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3604" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3604</ext-link>E-mail: voelva@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Mitselya – postgraduate student of the Department of Pediatrics with a course in endocrinology, Siberian State Medical University;  endocrinologist, I.D. Yevtushenko Regional Perinatal Center, Tomsk<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3604" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3604</ext-link>E-mail: voelva@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voelva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>Iu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойлова Юлия Геннадьевна – доктор мед. наук, профессор кафедры эндокринологии и диабетологии, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии с курсом эндокринологии ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России, Томск<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842</ext-link>e-mail: samoilova_y@inbox.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iulia G. Samoilova – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Head of the Department of Pediatrics with a Course in Endocrinology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk<ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-4842</ext-link>E-mail: samoilova_y@inbox.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samoilova_y@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России; &#13;
ОГАУЗ “Областной перинатальный центр им. И.Д. Евтушенко”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University;&#13;
I.D. Yevtushenko Regional Perinatal Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО “Сибирский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зимина Н.Д., Фомина С.В., Мицеля Е.В., Самойлова Ю.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зимина Н.Д., Фомина С.В., Мицеля Е.В., Самойлова Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zimina N.D., Fomina S.V., Mitselya E.V., Samoilova I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1565">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1565</self-uri><abstract><p>Сахарный диабет (СД) в период беременности связан с повышенным риском осложнений как для матери, так и для плода, а также может иметь неблагоприятные долгосрочные последствия для новорожденного. Количество случаев СД среди беременных женщин неуклонно растет, что подчеркивает актуальность этой проблемы. Несмотря на прогресс в методах диагностики и контроля уровня глюкозы у беременных с СД, осложнения во время беременности продолжают оставаться распространенными, встречаясь у 80% женщин, страдающих этим заболеванием.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить клинико-лабораторные и ультразвуковые особенности у пациенток с гестационным СД для определения факторов риска развития данного осложнения беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включено 86 пациенток, а также их новорожденные дети, которые, согласно исходам беременности, были разделены на 2 группы: основная – 43 женщины, беременность которых осложнилась развитием диабетической фетопатии, и контрольная – 43 пациентки, беременность которых закончилась рождением живого доношенного ребенка без признаков диабетической фетопатии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе женщин с гестационным СД были выявлены следующие особенности: ожирение (53% vs 11%), хроническая артериальная гипертензия (11% vs 2%), заболевания щитовидной железы (13% vs 4%) (p &lt; 0,05). Наличие ожирения увеличивает шанс развития гестационного СД в 8,7 раза (OR = 8,7; 95% ДИ 2,885–26,478; р = 0,001). Лабораторные показатели продемонстрировали повышение уровня холестерина (p = 0,04), в то время как различий в уровнях глюкозы и гликированного гемоглобина между группами не выявлено. Ультразвуковые параметры плода показали значительные различия между группами: окружность живота превышала 75-й процентиль (p = 0,001), наблюдался двойной контур головки (p = 0,044), толщина подкожно-жировой клетчатки шеи превышала 0,32 см (p = 0,014), а толщина подкожно-жировой клетчатки груди и живота превышала 0,5 см (p = 0,007). В контрольной группе при массе плода более 3000 г толщина подкожно-жировой клетчатки шеи составляла более 0,3 см, в то время как в основной группе составляла от 0,35 см, что указывает на необходимость пересмотра пороговых значений с целью увеличения прогностической ценности текущего признака. Статистически значимых различий в маточно-плацентарном и плодово-плацентарном кровотоке между группами не обнаружено. Антропометрические показатели новорожденных, такие как рост и масса тела, также не показали существенных различий между группами. В основной группе чаще фиксировался перивентрикулярный отек (p = 0,02), а лабораторные показатели у новорожденных свидетельствовали о значительном повышении частоты гипогликемии (p = 0,0002).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В ходе исследования выявлены значительные особенности у женщин с гестационным сахарным диабетом, включая повышенный риск сопутствующих заболеваний, таких как ожирение и хроническая артериальная гипертензия, что подчеркивает важность тщательного мониторинга здоровья беременных и регулярных ультразвуковых обследований для оценки состояния плода. Ультразвуковые параметры показали изменения, требующие дальнейшего исследования и возможного пересмотра существующих норм. Кроме того, в связи с отсутствием значительных различий в уровнях глюкозы и гликированного гемоглобина необходимо проводить анализ вариабельности глюкозы с использованием системы непрерывного мониторирования, что позволит обеспечить более точный контроль гликемии у пациенток и положительно скажется на их здоровье.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract. Diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus, and may also have adverse long-term consequences for the newborn. The incidence of DM among pregnant women is steadily increasing, which emphasizes the relevance of this problem. Despite progress in diagnostic methods and glucose control in pregnant women with DM, complications during pregnancy remain common, occurring in 80% of women with this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the clinical, laboratory and ultrasound features of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus to determine the risk factors for the development of this pregnancy complication.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 86 patients and their newborns, who were divided into two groups according to pregnancy outcomes. Group I (main) – 43 women whose pregnancy was complicated by the development of diabetic fetopathy, Group II (control) – 43 patients whose pregnancy ended with the birth of a live full-term baby without signs of diabetic fetopathy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The following features were identified in the group of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: obesity (53% vs 11%), chronic arterial hypertension (11% vs 2%), thyroid disease (13% vs 4%) (p &lt; 0.05). The presence of obesity increases the chance of developing gestational diabetes mellitus by 8.7 times (OR = 8.7; 95% CI: 2.885–26.478; p = 0.001). Laboratory parameters demonstrated an increase in cholesterol levels (p = 0.04), while no differences in glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were found between the groups. Ultrasound parameters of the fetus revealed significant differences between the groups: abdominal circumference exceeded the 75th percentile (p = 0.001), double contour of the head was observed (p = 0.044), subcutaneous fat thickness of the neck exceeded 0.32 cm (p = 0.014), and subcutaneous fat thickness of the chest and abdomen exceeded 0.5 cm (p = 0.007). In the control group, with a fetal weight of more than 3000 g, the subcutaneous fat thickness of the neck was more than 0,3 cm, while in the main group it was 0,35 cm, which indicates the need to revise the threshold values in order to increase the prognostic value of the current sign. Statistically significant differences in uteroplacental and fetal-placental blood flow between the groups were not found. Anthropometric parameters of newborns, such as height and weight, also did not show significant differences between the groups. In the main group, periventricular edema was more often recorded (p = 0.02), and laboratory parameters in newborns indicated a significant increase in the frequency of hypoglycemia (p = 0.0002).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study revealed significant features in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, including an increased risk of comorbidities such as obesity and chronic arterial hypertension, which emphasizes the importance of careful monitoring of the health of pregnant women and regular ultrasound examinations to assess the condition of the fetus. Ultrasound parameters showed changes that require further study and possible revision of existing standards. In addition, due to the lack of significant differences in glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, it is necessary to analyze glucose variability using a continuous monitoring system, which will provide more accurate glycemic control in patients and have a positive effect on their health. Key words: ultrasound diagnostics, diabetic fetopathy, metabolic disorders, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy risks, perinatal outcomes, maternal diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd><kwd>диабетическая фетопатия</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>риски беременности</kwd><kwd>перинатальные исходы</kwd><kwd>заболевания матери</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ultrasound diagnostics</kwd><kwd>diabetic fetopathy</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>pregnancy risks</kwd><kwd>perinatal outcomes</kwd><kwd>maternal diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riddle M.C., Cefalu W.T., Evans P.H. et al. 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