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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-1389</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-1389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ШЕЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности ультразвуковой диагностики параганглиом шеи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of ultrasound diagnostics of paragangliomas of the neck</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-9417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timina</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимина Ирина Евгеньевна – доктор мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отделения ультразвуковой диагностики и лечения ФГБУ “НМИЦ хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Timina – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-9417 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timina68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1852-1326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурцева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burtceva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурцева Елена Анатольевна – доктор мед. наук, врач отделения ультразвуковой диагностики и лечения ФГБУ “НМИЦ хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Burtceva – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), doctor of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-9395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пяткова</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyatkova</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пяткова Ирина Игоревна – научный сотрудник отделения ультразвуковой диагностики и лечения ФГБУ “НМИЦ хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Pyatkova – Researcher of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-0998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кармазановский</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmazanovsky</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кармазановский Григорий Григорьевич – академик РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заведующий отделом лучевых методов диагностики и лечения ФГБУ “НМИЦ хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory G. Karmazanovsky – Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Full Member, Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Heаd of the Diagnostic Rаdiology Depаrtment at the А.V. Vishnevsky Nаtionаl Mediсаl Reseаrсh Сenter of Surgery, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ “Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского” Минздрава России; 117997, Москва, ул. Большая Серпуховская, д. 27, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; 27, Bol'shaya Serpukhovskaia str., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимина И.Е., Бурцева Е.А., Пяткова И.И., Кармазановский Г.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимина И.Е., Бурцева Е.А., Пяткова И.И., Кармазановский Г.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timina I.E., Burtceva E.A., Pyatkova I.I., Karmazanovsky G.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1389">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1389</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – оценка результатов ультразвукового исследования, обобщение критериев дифференциальной диагностики различных видов параганглиом в области шеи и разработка стандартного протокола ультразвукового исследования, предоставляющего информацию о резектабельности образований.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Обследован 91 пациент (100 опухолей) с клиническим диагнозом: неврогенная опухоль шеи, из которых 71 (71%) составили каротидные параганглиомы, 18 (18%) – вагальные параганглиомы, 10 (10%) – невриномы и 1 (1%) – нейрофиброма. Всем пациентам проведено ультразвуковое исследование структуры опухоли в В-режиме, размеров и распространенности образований относительно основания черепа и цветовое допплеровское картирование степени внутриопухолевого кровотока и взаимоотношения образований с сонными артериями.Исследование позволило систематизировать основные ультразвуковые признаки, характерные для различных нейрогенных опухолей шеи, среди которых мы выделили: четкие ровные контуры; наличие капсулы; неоднородную, преимущественно гипоэхогенную структуру с гиперэхогенными включениями, напоминающую “соль-перец”. В дифференциальной диагностике решающую роль играли такие параметры, как локализация образования, особенности внутриопухолевого кровотока и взаимоотношение параганглиом с сонными артериями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Оценка структурных особенностей опухоли в В-режиме не показала значительных отличий разных параганглиом, неврином и нейрофибромы, все образования имели четкие, ровные контуры, четко визуализировалась их капсула. Для каротидных параганглиом в 71 (100%) наблюдении характерным признаком было расположение в области бифуркации общей сонной артерии, с раздвиганием устьев внутренней и наружной сонных артерий, что являлось 100% диагностическим критерием данной группы образований. Вагальные параганглиомы или невриномы во всех наблюдениях располагались вне  бифуркации сонной артерии, хотя и в непосредственной близости к сонным артериям. Параганглиомы представляли гиперваскулярные опухоли с преобладанием артериальных сосудов, в отличие от невриномы и нейрофибромы, имеющих более бедную васкуляризацию с преобладанием венозных сосудов в структуре опухоли.В 8 (44%) случаях вагальные параганглиомы прорастали в адвентицию сонных артерий, что при ультразвуковом исследовании характеризовалось локальным повышением кровотока на этом участке в сочетании с турбулентностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложенный алгоритм ультразвукового исследования дает возможность уже на первичном этапе инструментальной диагностики выявить объемные образования, дифференцировать их между собой и с другими образованиями шеи и предположить степень травматичности предполагаемого оперативного вмешательства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to evaluate the results of ultrasound examination, generalize the criteria for differential diagnosis of various types of paragangliomas in neck area and the development of a standard ultrasound protocol that provides information about the resectability of formations.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. 91 patients (100 tumors) with a clinical diagnosis of neurogenic neck tumor were examined, of which 71 (71%) were carotid paragangliomas, 18 (18%) – vagal paragangliomas, 10 (10%) – neurinomas and 1 (1%) – neurofibroma. All patients underwent ultrasound examination, including examination of the tumor structure in B-mode, assessment of the size and prevalence formations relative to the base of the skull and color Doppler mapping to assess the degree of intra-tumor blood flow and the relationship of formations with carotid arteries.The study allowed us to systematize the main ultrasound signs characteristic of various neurogenic neck tumors, among which we identified: clear, even contours; the presence of a capsule; a heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic structure with hyperechoic inclusions resembling “salt–pepper”. The following parameters played a crucial role in differential diagnosis: localization of formation, features of intra-tumor blood flow and the relationship of paragangliomas with carotid arteries.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Evaluation of the structural features of the tumor in the B-mode did not show significant differences between various paragangliomas, neurinomas and neurofibromas, all formations had clear, even contours, their capsule was clearly visualized. For carotid paragangliomas in all 71 (100%) observations, the characteristic feature was the location in the bifurcation area of the common carotid artery, with the mouths of the internal and external carotid arteries moving apart, which was 100% the diagnostic criterion of this group of formations. Vagal paragangliomas or neurinomas in all cases were located outside the bifurcation of the carotid artery, although in close proximity to the carotid arteries. The nature and degree of intra–tumor vasularization is another argument in the differential diagnosis of paragangliomas, which, unlike other neurogenic tumors, are highly vascularized tumors. The study of the nature of the intracellular blood flow showed that arterial paragangliomas predominate vessels, unlike neurinomas and neurofibromas, have significantly poorer vascularization with a predominance of venous vessels in the structure of the tumor. In 8 (44%) cases, vagal paragangliomas sprouted into the adventitia of the carotid arteries, which was characterized by a local increase in blood flow in this area in combination with turbulence during ultrasound.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The proposed algorithm of ultrasound examination of neurogenic formations in the neck area makes it possible already at the primary stage instrumental diagnostics to identify volumetric formations, differentiate them between themselves and with other neck formations and to assume the degree of traumatism of the proposed surgical intervention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>параганглиомы шеи</kwd><kwd>вагальные параганглиомы</kwd><kwd>невриномы</kwd><kwd>нейрогенное образование</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paragangliomas of the neck</kwd><kwd>vagal paragangliomas</kwd><kwd>neurinomas</kwd><kwd>neurogenic education</kwd><kwd>ultrasound examination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">не имеет финансовой составляющей</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фалилеев Г.В. 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