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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-1373</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-1373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОЛОВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEAD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Магнитно-резонансная томография в оценке стадийности внутримозговых кровоизлияний у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the staging of intracerebral hemorrhages in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-7805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазаев</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazaev</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазаев Александр Павлович – доктор мед. наук, врач-рентгенолог службы лучевой диагностики</p><p>119049 Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., д. 1/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander P. Mazaev – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), radiologist</p><p>1/9, 4 Dobryninsky per., Moscow 119049</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-1708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молодцов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molodtsov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молодцов Максим Сергеевич – врач отделения компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии ГБУЗ “ГКБ №67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова ДЗ города Москвы”</p><p>тел. +7-929-590-75-58</p><p>119049 Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., д. 1/9123423 Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2/44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim S. Molodtsov – radiologist of tomography department, L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital (City Hospital No67)</p><p>phone: +7-929-590-75-58</p><p>1/9, 4 Dobryninsky per., Moscow 1190492/44, Salyama Adilya str., Moscow 123423</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.mmolodtsov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелыкалина</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelykalina</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щелыкалина Светлана Павловна – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры медицинской кибернетики и информатики им. С.А. Гаспаряна Медико-биологического факультета</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana P. Shchelykalina – Cand. of Sci. (Med.), associate professor of the Department of Medical Cybernetics and Computer Science Named after S.A. Gasparyan, Department of Medical Cybernetics and Computer Science (MBF)</p><p>1, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы “Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница ДЗ города Москвы”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Morozov Children's Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы “Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница ДЗ города Москвы”; ГБУЗ города Москвы “Городская клиническая больница №67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова ДЗ города Москвы”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Morozov Children's Clinical Hospital; L.A. Vorokhobov City Clinical Hospital (City Hospital No67)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазаев А.П., Молодцов М.С., Щелыкалина С.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазаев А.П., Молодцов М.С., Щелыкалина С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazaev A.P., Molodtsov M.S., Shchelykalina S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1373">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1373</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить возможности МРТ в определении стадии геморрагического инсульта (ГИ) в зависимости от структурных и перифокальных изменений у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 46 пациентов (из них 19 мальчиков и 27 девочек) в возрасте от 29-го дня жизни до 18 лет с клинической картиной нарушения мозгового кровообращения и наличием ГИ в веществе головного мозга (ГМ) при МРТ-исследовании. Для статистического анализа пациенты разделены на 2 группы: 1-я группа – пациенты, обследованные в первые 48 ч от момента возникновения неврологической симптоматики (21 человек), 2-я группа – после 48 ч (26 человек). Сравнение в двух группах проводилось по МР-признакам: наличие перифокального цитотоксического отека, наличие перифокального геморрагического пропитывания, присутствие цитоплазматического ободка. Межгрупповые сравнения по качественному признаку проводились с помощью точного критерия Фишера.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования были определены дифференциально-диагностические критерии стадий ГИ у детей при анализе МРТ-семиотики гематомы в сочетании с симптомокомплексом перифокальных изменений (СПИ) в виде перифокального цитотоксического отека, перифокального геморрагического пропитывания и цитоплазматического ободка. Обнаружены статистически значимые различия частоты встречаемости признаков перифокальный цитотоксический отек и перифокальное геморрагическое пропитывание в группах. Перифокальный цитотоксический отек статистически значимо (р = 0,027) встречался чаще в 1-й группе (47% (n = 10), 95%ДИ 26–69), чем во 2-й группе (16% (n = 4), 95%ДИ 5–36). Наличие перифокального геморрагического пропитывания статистически значимо (р = 0,003) встречалось чаще в 1-й группе (81% (n = 17), 95%ДИ 57–93), чем во 2-й группе (36% (n = 9), 95%ДИ 18–57). Кроме того, обнаружена статически значимая (р = 0,005) разница встречаемости СПИ, который наблюдался в 1-й группе (28% (n = 6), ДИ 12–52) и не наблюдался во 2-й группе (0%, (n = 0), 95%ДИ 0–17).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Использование в протоколе МРТ-обследования детей режимов Т2, Т1, FLAIR, SWI и ДВИ (b = 1000) в сочетании с ИКД является обязательным, и только сопоставление характеристик МР-сигнала от гематомы в совокупности с анализом перифокальных изменений позволяет дифференцировать стадию кровоизлияния. ГИ в острой и ранней подострой стадиях имеет схожую МРТ-семиотику, поэтому необходимо проводить оценку комплекса перифокальных изменений, который позволяет дифференцировать эти стадии, так как определяется у пациентов, обследованных в первые 48 ч (р &lt; 0,05), и не наблюдается спустя 2 сут. Анализ SWI дает возможность дифференцировать позднюю подострую стадию гематомы с хронической за счет различных характеристик МР-сигнала, а также позволяет установить наличие перифокального геморрагического пропитывания, что способствует дифференциальной диагностике кровоизлияния на ранних этапах патологического процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of MRI in determining the stage of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) depending on structural and perifocal changes in children.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 46 patients (including 19 boys and 27 girls) aged from the 29th day of life to 18 years, with a clinical picture of cerebrovascular accident and the presence of HS in the brain substance (BS) during an MRI study. For statistical analysis, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients examined in the first 48 hours from the onset of neurological symptoms (21 people), group 2 – after 48 hours (26 people). Comparison in two groups was carried out according to MR signs: the presence of perifocal cytotoxic edema, the presence of perifocal hemorrhagic impregnation, the presence of a cytoplasmic rim. Intergroup comparisons on a qualitative basis were carried out using Fisher's exact test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the study, differential diagnostic criteria for the stages of HS in children were determined by analyzing the MRI semiotics of hematoma in combination with the symptom complex of perifocal changes (CPC) in the form of perifocal cytotoxic edema, perifocal hemorrhagic impregnation and cytoplasmic rim. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of signs of perifocal cytotoxic edema and perifocal hemorrhagic impregnation in the groups were found. The presence of perifocal cytotoxic edema was statistically significant (p = 0.027) more common in group 1 (47% (n = 10), 95% CI 26–69) than in group 2 (16% (n = 4), 95% CI 5–36). The presence of perifocal hemorrhagic soaking was statistically significantly (p = 0.003) more common in group 1 (81% (n = 17), 95% CI 57–93) than in group 2 (36% (n = 9), 95% CI 18–57). In addition, a statistically significant (p = 0.005) difference was found in the incidence of CPC, which was observed in group 1 (28% (n = 6), CI 12–52) and was not observed in group 2 (0%, (n = 0), 95% CI 0–17).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The use of T2, T1, FLAIR, SWI and DWI modes (b = 1000) in combination with ADC in the protocol of MRI examination of children is mandatory, and only a comparison of the characteristics of the MR signal from a hematoma in combination with an analysis of perifocal changes allows us to differentiate the stage of hemorrhage. HS in the acute and early subacute stages has a similar MRI semiotics, therefore, it is necessary to assess the complex of perifocal changes, which allows to differentiate these stages, as it is determined in patients examined in the first 48 hours (p &lt; 0.05) and is not observed after two days. SWI analysis makes it possible to differentiate the late subacute stage of hematoma from chronic due to different characteristics of the MR signal, and also allows you to establish the presence of perifocal hemorrhagic impregnation, which contributes to the differential diagnosis of hemorrhage in the early stages of the pathological process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморрагический инсульт</kwd><kwd>внутримозговое кровоизлияние</kwd><kwd>детский возраст</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhagic stroke</kwd><kwd>intracerebral hemorrhage</kwd><kwd>childhood</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в ГБУЗ “Морозовская детская городская клиническая больница Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы”; 119049 Москва, 4-й Добрынинский пер., д. 1, Российская Федерация.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed at the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Department of Health of Moscow; 1, 4th Dobryninsky per., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щедеркина И.О., Заваденко Н.Н., Колтунов И.Е. 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