<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medvis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская визуализация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Visualization</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-0763</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2408-9516</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RDS-Media Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24835/1607-0763-1201</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medvis-1201</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОСТИ И СУСТАВЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BONES AND JOINTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение МРТ-последовательности DIXON в диагностике изменений губчатого вещества тел позвонков в сопоставлении с данными остеоденситометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of DIXON MRI sequencing in the diagnosis of changes in the spongy substance of vertebral bodies in comparison with osteodensitometry data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-8786</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashew</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукашев Андрей Дмитриевич – врач-рентгенолог, аспирант 1-го года,</p><p>420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18, корп.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrew D. Lukashew – radiologist, 1st year postgraduate student,</p><p>18, Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan 420008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Andrewlukashew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-9883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахатов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhatov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахатов Айнур Фаридович – главный врач, врач-рентгенолог, онколог,</p><p>420095 Казань, ул. Х. Мавлютова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aynur F. Akhatov – Chief physician radiologist, oncologist,</p><p>2, Mavlyutov str., 420095 Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aya0258@googlemail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-353X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжкин Сергей Александрович – профессор кафедры медицинской физики Института физики, 420008 Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18, корп.1;  </p><p>доктор мед. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой радиотерапии и радиологии имени академика А.С. Павлова, 420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49; </p><p>профессор кафедры общей гигиены, 125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Ryzhkin – Professor of the Department of Medical Physics of the Institute of Physics, 18, Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan 420008;</p><p>Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Radiotherapy and Radiology named after Academician A.S. Pavlov, 2/1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow 125993;</p><p>Professor of the Department of General Hygiene, 49, Butlerova str., Kazan 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rsa777@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8431-7296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Марс Константинович – доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик АН Республики Татарстан, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики Казанской государственной медицинской академии – филиала ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России,</p><p>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д.2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mars K. Mikhailov – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation,</p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MikhailovMK@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7597-7690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залаева</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalaeva</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Залаева Диляра Рафкатовна – врач-биофизик, ординатор 1-го года (специальность “рентгенология”),</p><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dilyara R. Zalaeva – biophysicist, 1st year resident (specialty – radiology),</p><p>36, Butlerova str., Kazan 420012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dil.zal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО “Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Многопрофильный консультативно-диагностический центр «БАРСМЕД»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multidisciplinary consultative and diagnostic center “BARSMED”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО “Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет”; &#13;
ФГБОУ ВО “Казанский государственный медицинский университет” Минздрава России; &#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University”; &#13;
Kazan State Medical University; &#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО “Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО “Российская медицинская академия&#13;
непрерывного профессионального образования” Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лукашев А.Д., Ахатов А.Ф., Рыжкин С.А., Михайлов М.К., Залаева Д.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукашев А.Д., Ахатов А.Ф., Рыжкин С.А., Михайлов М.К., Залаева Д.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukashew A.D., Akhatov A.F., Ryzhkin S.A., Mikhailov M.K., Zalaeva D.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1201">https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1201</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: анализ закономерностей изменения жировой фракции тел позвонков по данным модифицированного протокола DIXON (mDixon, МРТ) у пациентов различных возрастных групп в сопоставлении с данными денситометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для диагностики был использован томограф Siemens Magnetom Verio 3 Tл, для оценки состояния позвонков пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника, измерения жировой фракции (FF – fat fraction) была использована компьютерная программа: RadiAnt DICOM viewer. Параметры DIXON (two-point) импульсной последовательности TSE с Т2-типом взвешенности: TR 4000 мс, TE 88 мс, толщина среза 4 мм, матрица 320 × 320, NEX 1, FOV 260 × 260 мм, размер пикселя 0,8 × 0,8 мм, полоса пропускания 345 Гц/пиксель. Время сканирования фиксировано и составило 3 мин 50 с. Также в работе был использован денситометр GE Lunar Prodigy. Выставленные параметры измерения: режим – стандарт (13–25 см), длина 19,1 см, ширина 18,0 см. Метод: mDixon.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего был обследован 71 пациент (средний возраст 57 лет; средний ИМТ составил 27,94). Остеопения была диагностирована у 21 больного, остеопороз – у 13. Минеральная плотность кости (BMD) была получена с помощью рентгеновской денситометрии, которая служила методом для выявления аномальной плотности кости и остеопороза. Было сделано сравнение значений BMD у пациентов с нормой и пациентов с остеопорозом/остеопенией: значения у пациентов с нормой были на 21,85% больше, чем у пациентов с остеопорозом/остеопенией. Также было проведено сравнение параметров FF у пациентов с нормой и патологией – значения у пациентов с нормой были на 15,65% меньше, чем у пациентов с патологией. При проведении корреляционного анализа была выявлена зависимость между параметрами BMD и FF. По результатам морфометрии тел позвонков в 8% случаев у пациентов с остеопорозом / остеопенией была выявлена клиновидная деформация тел позвонков.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Метод МРТ-последовательности DIXON является важным звеном в диагностике изменений губчатого вещества тел позвонков. При исследовании корреляционного анализа была выявлена обратная зависимость между параметрами BMD и FF.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of changes in the fat fraction of the vertebral bodies according to the modified DIXON protocol (mDixon, MRI) in patients of different age groups with densitometry data.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In the course of our study, a Siemens Magnetom Verio 3T tomograph was used for diagnostics, for assessing the condition of the vertebrae of the lumbosacral spine, measuring FF, a computer program was used: “RadiAnt DICOM viewer”. DIXON (two-point) parameters of TSE pulse train with T2 type of weighting: TR 4000 ms, TE 88 ms, slice thickness 4 mm, matrix 320 × 320, NEX 1, FOV 260 × 260 mm, pixel size 0.8 × 0.8 mm, bandwidth 345 Hz/pixel. Scanning time: 3 min. 50 sec. We also used a GE Lunar Prodigy densitometer. Measurement parameters: mode – standard (13–25 cm), length 19.1 cm, width 18.0 cm. Method: mDixon.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 71 patients were examined (average age is 57 years; average BMI (body mass index): 27.94). Osteopenia was diagnosed in 21 patients, osteoporosis – in 13. Bone mineral density (BMD) was obtained using X-ray densitometry, which served as a reference for detecting abnormal bone density and osteoporosis. A comparison was made of BMD values in patients with normal and patients with osteoporosis / osteopenia: the values in patients with normal were 21.85% higher than in patients with osteoporosis / osteopenia. We also compared the parameters of vertebral fat density (FF) in patients with normal and pathology – the values in patients with normal were 15.65% less than in patients with pathology. Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between BMD and FF parameters. According to the results of the morphometry of the vertebral bodies, wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebral bodies was revealed in 8% of patients with osteoporosis / osteopenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The MRI method based on the DIXON trace is of great importance in the diagnosis of changes in the spongy substance of the vertebral bodies. In the study of correlation analysis, an inverse relationship was found between the BMD and FF parameters.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денситометрия</kwd><kwd>МРТ</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>коэффициент жировой дегенерации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>densitometry</kwd><kwd>MRI</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>coefficient of fatty degeneration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савченко Т.Н., Агаева М.И., Носова Л.А., Шаповалова Ю.О. Профилактика остеопороза у женщин. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2017; 25 (12): 879–883.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko T.N., Agaeva M.I., Nosova L.A., Shapovalova Yu.O. Prevention of osteoporosis in women. Breast cancer. Mother and Child. 2017; 25 (12): 879–883. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлов Е.Е., Беневоленская Л.И. Руководство по остеопорозу / Под ред. Л.И. Беневоленской. М.: БИНОМ, Лаборатория знаний, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailov E.E., Benevolenskaya L.I. Osteoporosis Guide / Ed. L.I. Benevolenskaya. Moscow: BINOM, Knowledge Laboratory, 2003. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporosis clinical practice guideline. National osteoporosis Foundation website. Available at: http://www.nof.org (дата обращения 20.05.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporosis clinical practice guideline. National osteoporosis Foundation website. Available at: http://www.nof.org (дата обращения 20.05.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanhaiya A., Yatish A., Rajesh K.C. et al. Evaluation of MR Spectroscopy and Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Post-menopausal Bone Strength. Eur. Cureus. 2015; 7: e327. https://dx.doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanhaiya A., Yatish A., Rajesh K.C. et al. Evaluation of MR Spectroscopy and Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Post-menopausal Bone Strength. Eur. Cureus. 2015; 7: e327. https://dx.doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffith J.F., Yeung D.K., Antonio G.E. et al. Vertebral marrow fat content and diffusion and perfusion indexes in women with varying bone density: MR evaluation. Radiology. 2006; 241: 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2413051858</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffith J.F., Yeung D.K., Antonio G.E. et al. Vertebral marrow fat content and diffusion and perfusion indexes in women with varying bone density: MR evaluation. Radiology. 2006; 241: 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2413051858</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghannam N.N. WHO Study Group. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. Geneva: WHO. 1994; 14 (843): 1–129. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1994.527</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghannam N.N. WHO Study Group. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. Geneva: WHO. 1994; 14 (843): 1–129. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1994.527</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Losch M.S., Swamy A., Elmi-Terander A. et al. Proton density fat fraction of the spinal column: an MRI cadaver study. BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 2021; 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-020-00846-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Losch M.S., Swamy A., Elmi-Terander A. et al. Proton density fat fraction of the spinal column: an MRI cadaver study. BioMedical Engineering OnLine. 2021; 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-020-00846-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glocker B., Konukoglu E., Lavdas I. et al. Correction of Fat-Water Swaps in Dixon MRI. MICCAI. 2016. Vol 9902. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46726-9_62</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glocker B., Konukoglu E., Lavdas I. et al. Correction of Fat-Water Swaps in Dixon MRI. MICCAI. 2016. Vol 9902. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46726-9_62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Low R.N., Austin M.J., Ma J. Fast spin-echo triple echo dixon: Initial clinical experience with a novel pulse sequence for simultaneous fat-suppressed and nonfatsuppressed T2-weighted spine magnetic resonance imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2011; 33: 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Low R.N., Austin M.J., Ma J. Fast spin-echo triple echo dixon: Initial clinical experience with a novel pulse sequence for simultaneous fat-suppressed and nonfatsuppressed T2-weighted spine magnetic resonance imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2011; 33: 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandão S., Seixas D., Ayres-Basto M. et al. Comparing T1-weighted and T2-weighted three-point Dixon technique with conventional T1-weighted fat-saturation and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) techniques for the study of the lumbar spine in a short-bore MRI machine. Clin. Radiol. 2013; 68: e617–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.06.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandão S., Seixas D., Ayres-Basto M. et al. Comparing T1-weighted and T2-weighted three-point Dixon technique with conventional T1-weighted fat-saturation and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) techniques for the study of the lumbar spine in a short-bore MRI machine. Clin. Radiol. 2013; 68: e617–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2013.06.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma J., Singh S.K., Kumar A.J. et al. T2-weighted spine imaging with a fast three-point dixon technique: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2004; 20: 1025–1029. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma J., Singh S.K., Kumar A.J. et al. T2-weighted spine imaging with a fast three-point dixon technique: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2004; 20: 1025–1029. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeung H.N., Kormos D.W. Separation of true fat and water images by correcting magnetic field inhomogeneity in situ. Radiology. 1986; 159: 783–786. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.159.3.3704157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeung H.N., Kormos D.W. Separation of true fat and water images by correcting magnetic field inhomogeneity in situ. Radiology. 1986; 159: 783–786. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.159.3.3704157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sangmin L., Dae Seob Ch., Hwa S.Sh. et al. FSE T2-weighted two-point Dixon technique for fat suppression in the lumbar spine: comparison with SPAIR technique. Diagn. Interv. Radiol. 2018; 24: 175–180. https://dx.doi.org/10.5152%2Fdir.2018.17320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sangmin L., Dae Seob Ch., Hwa S.Sh. et al. FSE T2-weighted two-point Dixon technique for fat suppression in the lumbar spine: comparison with SPAIR technique. Diagn. Interv. Radiol. 2018; 24: 175–180. https://dx.doi.org/10.5152%2Fdir.2018.17320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Расчет фракции жира методами количественной МРТ. Available at: https://www.philips.ru/healthcare/education-resources/research-projects/fat-fraction-calculation (дата обращения 20.05.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calculation of the fat fraction by quantitative MRI methods. Available at: https://www.philips.ru/healthcare/education-resources/research-projects/fat-fraction-calculation (accessed May 5, 2021). (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youn I., Lee H.Y., Kim J.K. Correlation between vertebral marrow fat fraction measured using dixon quantitative chemical shift MRI and BMD value on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J. Korean Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2012; 16: 16–24. https://doi.org/10.13104/jksmrm.2012.16.1.16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youn I., Lee H.Y., Kim J.K. Correlation between vertebral marrow fat fraction measured using dixon quantitative chemical shift MRI and BMD value on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J. Korean Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2012; 16: 16–24. https://doi.org/10.13104/jksmrm.2012.16.1.16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang R., Ma X., Jiang Y. et al. Percentage fat fraction in magnetic resonance imaging: upgrading the osteoporosis-detecting parameter. BMC Med. Imaging. 2020; 20: 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-020-00423-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang R., Ma X., Jiang Y. et al. Percentage fat fraction in magnetic resonance imaging: upgrading the osteoporosis-detecting parameter. BMC Med. Imaging. 2020; 20: 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-020-00423-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menshchikov P.E., Ivantsova A.S., Akhadov T.A. et al. 1H MRS as a novel quantitative method for osteoporosis detection. J. Phys.: Conf. Series. 2020, 1461, 012098. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1461/1/012098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menshchikov P.E., Ivantsova A.S., Akhadov T.A. et al. 1H MRS as a novel quantitative method for osteoporosis detection. J. Phys.: Conf. Series. 2020, 1461, 012098. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1461/1/012098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J., Fang H., Li X. Vertebral bone marrow fat content in normal adults with varying bone densities at 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol. 2018; 60 (4): 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185118786073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J., Fang H., Li X. Vertebral bone marrow fat content in normal adults with varying bone densities at 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol. 2018; 60 (4): 509–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/0284185118786073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
