medvisМедицинская визуализацияMedical Visualization1607-07632408-9516RDS-Media Ltd.10.24835/1607-0763-1064medvis-1064Research ArticleТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИRADIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIESМагнитно-резонансная трактография: возможности и ограничения метода, современный подход к обработке данныхMagnetic resonance tractogtaphy: possibilities and limitations, modern approach to data processinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-1351НикогосоваА. К.NikogosovaA. K.

Никогосова Анаит Карэновна – научный сотрудник, врач-рентгенолог

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10

Тел.: +7-926-538-16-80

Anait K. Nikogosova – researcher, radiologist

1-10, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117513

+7-926-538-16-80

argh.nit@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-179XРостовцеваТ. М.RostovtsevaT. M.

Ростовцева Татьяна Михайловна – научный сотрудник, врач-рентгенолог

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10

Tatiana M. Rostovtseva – researcher, radiologist

1-10, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117513

rostovtsevat@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-8131БереговМ. М.BeregovM. M.

Берегов Михаил Михайлович – врач-рентгенолог

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10

Mikhail M. Beregov – radiologist 

1-10, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117513

mik.beregov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-6801ГубскийИ. Л.GubskiyI. L.

Губский Илья Леонидович – старший научный сотрудник, заведующий отделением общей рентгенологии, рентгеновской компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10

Ilya L. Gubskiy – Senior researcher, Chief of the department of X-ray radiography, computed and magnetic resonance tomography 

1-10, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117513

gubskiy.ilya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9690-8325ЛелюкВ. Г.LelyukV. G.

Лелюк Владимир Геннадьевич – доктор мед. наук, профессор, руководитель НИЦ радиологии и клинической физиологии

117513 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10

Vladimir G. Lelyuk – Doct. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Scientific and research center of radiology and clinical physiology, Federal center for brain and neurotechnologies 

1-10, Ostrivityanova str., Moscow 117513

vglelyuk@gmail.comФГБУ “Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий” ФМБА России, Научно-исследовательский центр радиологии и клинической физиологииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (FCBRN FMBA), Scientific and research center of radiology and clinical physiologyRussian Federation202204052022263132148Copyright © Никогосова А.К., Ростовцева Т.М., Берегов М.М., Губский И.Л., Лелюк В.Г., 20222022Никогосова А.К., Ростовцева Т.М., Берегов М.М., Губский И.Л., Лелюк В.Г.Nikogosova A.K., Rostovtseva T.M., Beregov M.M., Gubskiy I.L., Lelyuk V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medvis.rdsmedia.ru/jour/article/view/1064Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Систематизация знаний о диффузионной тензорной магнитно-резонансной томографии; анализ литературы, касающейся существующих на сегодняшний момент ограничений метода и возможностей их преодоления.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Проанализировано 74 публикации (6 отечественных, 68 зарубежных), вышедших в свет в период с 1986 по 2021 год. Более половины работ было опубликовано в последнее десятилетие, 19 работ – в период с 2016 по 2021 год.

Результаты

Результаты. В статье изложены физические основы диффузионных методик магнитно-резонансной томографии, принципы получения диффузионно-взвешенных изображений и диффузионного тензора, отражены особенности вероятностного и детерминистского подходов к обработке данных диффузионной тензорной МРТ, а также методы оценки диффузионных характеристик тканей в клинической практике. Подробно рассмотрены причины имеющихся ограничений диффузионной тензорной МРТ, а также систематизированы основные разработанные приемы преодоления этих ограничений, таких как мультитензорная модель, диффузионная визуализация высокого углового разрешения, диффузионная спектральная визуализация, диффузионная куртозисная визуализация. Последовательно рассмотрены этапы обработки данных диффузионной тензорной магнитно-резонансной томографии (препроцессинг, процессинг и постпроцессинг). Отражены особенности основных подходов к количественному анализу данных диффузионной тензорной магнитно-резонансной томографии (таких как анализ области интереса, анализ всего объема данных, количественная трактография).

Заключение

Заключение. Магнитно-резонансная трактография – уникальная методика неинвазивной прижизненной визуализации проводящих путей головного мозга и оценки структурной целостности составляющих их аксонов, нашедшая применение при многих заболеваниях центральной нервной системы. В то же время эта методика имеет ряд существенных ограничений, основными из которых являются невозможность адекватной визуализации перекрещивающихся волокон и относительно низкая воспроизводимость результатов. Стандартизация алгоритмов постпроцессинга данных, дальнейшее совершенствование магнитнорезонансных томографов и внедрение альтернативных методов трактографии потенциально способны частично нивелировать имеющиеся в настоящее время недостатки.

Purpose

Purpose: systematization of the knowledge about diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography; analysis of literature related to current limitations of this method and possibilities of overcoming these limitations.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. We have analyzed 74 publications (6 Проанализировано 74 публикации (6 Russian, 68 foreign), published in the time period from 1986 to 2021years.  More, than half of these articles were published in the last ten years, 19 studies-in the time period from 2016 to 2021years.

Results

Results. In this article we  represent the physical basis of diffusion weighted techniques of magnetic resonance tomography, principles of obtaining diffusion weighted images and diffusion tensor, cover the specific features of the probabilistic and deterministic approaches of the diffusion tensor MRI data processing, describe methods of evaluation of the diffusion characteristics of tissues in clinical practice. Article provides a thorough introduction to the reasons of existing limitations of diffusion tensor MRI and systematization the main developed approaches of overcoming these limitations, such as multi-tensor model, high angular resolution diffusion imaging, diffusion kurtosis visualization. The article consistently reviews the stages of data processing of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography (preprocessing, processing and post processing). We also describe the special aspects of the main approaches to the quantitative data analysis of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tomography (such as analysis of the region of interest, analysis of the total data amount, quantitative tractography).

Conclusion

Conclusion. Magnetic resonance tractography is a unique technique for noninvasive in vivo visualization of brain white matter tracts and assessment of the structural integrity of their constituent axons. In the meantime this technique, which has found applications in numerous pathologies of central nervous system, has a number of significant limitations, and the main of them are the inability to adequately visualize the crossing fibers and the relatively low reproducibility of the results. Standardization of the data postprocessing algorithms, further upgrading of the magnetic resonance scanners and implementation of the alternative tractography methods have the potential of partially reducing of the current limitations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.